ASU Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

Question 1

actions or mental representations that organize knowledge

Answer 1

schemes

Question 2

using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences

Answer 2

assimilation

Question 3

adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences

Answer 3

accommodation

Question 4

grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system

Answer 4

organization

Question 5

mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next

Answer 5

equilibration

Question 6

lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences

Answer 6

the sensorimotor stage

Question 7

understanding that objects and events continue to exist when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched

Answer 7

object permanence

Question 8

occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) rather than the new hiding place (B) as they progress into substage 4 in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

Answer 8

A-not-B error

Question 9

infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems

Answer 9

core knowledge approach

Question 10

focusing of mental resources on select information

Answer 10

attention

Question 11

decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus

Answer 11

habituation

Question 12

increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulation

Answer 12

dishabituation

Question 13

requires ability to track another’s behavior, one person’s directing another’s attention, reciprocal interaction

Answer 13

joint attention

Question 14

without conscious recollection; memories of skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically

Answer 14

implicit memory

Question 15

conscious remembering of facts and experiences

Answer 15

explicit memory

Question 16

involve flexibility and adaptability

Answer 16

imitation

Question 17

occurs after a delay of hours or days

Answer 17

deferred imitation

Question 18

cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas

Answer 18

concepts

Question 19

score that combines subscores in motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants

Answer 19

Developmental quotient (DQ)

Question 20

used to assess infant behavior and predict later development

Answer 20

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 21

evaluates an infant’s ability to process information

Answer 21

Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence

Question 22

ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using finite set of words and rules

Answer 22

infinite generativity

Question 23

the sound system of a language

Answer 23

phonology

Question 24

the smallest sound unit in a language

Answer 24

phoneme

Question 25

the system of meaningful units involved in word formation

Answer 25

morphology

Question 26

the system that involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences

Answer 26

syntax

Question 27

the system that involves the meaning of words and sentences

Answer 27

semantics

Question 28

the system of using appropriate conversation and knowledge of how to effectively use language in context

Answer 28

pragmatics

Question 29

applying a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning

Answer 29

overextension

Question 30

applying a word too narrowly

Answer 30

underextension

Question 31

use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives

Answer 31

telegraphic speech

Question 32

region in the brain’s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production

Answer 32

Broca’s area

Question 33

region in the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension

Answer 33

Wernicke’s area

Question 34

Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment enabling the child to detect the features and rules of language

Answer 34

language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 35

children learn language in specific contexts; biology and experience contribute to language development

Answer 35

interaction view

Question 36

linked to family’s socioeconomic status, type of talk that parents direct to their children

Answer 36

vocabulary development

Question 37

higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences

Answer 37

child-directed speech

Question 38

rephrasing something child has said

Answer 38

recasting

Question 39

restating something child has said

Answer 39

expanding

Question 40

identifying names of objects

Answer 40

labeling