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Developmental Psychology > ASU Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood > Flashcards

ASU Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

Maximum number of years an individual can live (between 120-125 years)

A

Life span

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2
Q

Number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live

A

Life expectancy

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3
Q
  • Individuals 100 years and older
  • Increasing at the rate of seven percent each year in industrialized countries because of diet, low-stress lifestyle, caring community, activity, and spirituality
A

Centenarians

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4
Q

Person’s actual ability to function

A

Functional age

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5
Q

Natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults

A

Evolutionary theory

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6
Q
  • Cells can divide a maximum of 75 to 80 times
  • Age makes cells less capable of dividing
A

Cellular clock theory

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7
Q
  • Tips of chromosomes
  • DNA sequences that cap chromosomes
A

Telomeres

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8
Q

People age because normal metabolic processes within cells produce unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around inside cells damaging DNA and cellular structures

A

Free-radical theory

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9
Q

Aging is caused by the decay of mitochondria

A

Mitochondrial theory

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10
Q

Aging in the body’s hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease

A

Hormonal stress theory

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11
Q

Brain loses __ to __ percent of its weight between the ages of __ and __ years

A
  • 5 to 10 percent
  • 20 and 90 years
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12
Q

Brain volume decreases due to:

A
  • Shrinkage of neurons
  • Lower numbers of synapses
  • Reduced length of axon
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13
Q

Slowing of function in the brain and spinal cord begins in __________ and accelerates in __________, affecting physical coordination and intellectual performance

A
  • Middle adulthood
  • Late adulthood
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14
Q

Aging is linked to:

A
  • Reduction in synaptic functioning
  • Production of neurotransmitters
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15
Q

Generation of new neurons

A

Neurogenesis

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16
Q

_______ percent of older adults complain of having difficulty sleeping

A

Fifty

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17
Q

Most noticeable changes in physical appearance

A

Wrinkles and age spots

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18
Q

Physical appearance and movement

A
  • Shorter with aging due to bone loss in their vertebrae
  • Weight drops after age 60
  • Muscle loss
  • Older adults move slowly than young adults
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19
Q

Thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted

A

Cataracts

20
Q

Damage to the optic nerve because of pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye

A

Glaucoma

21
Q

Deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field

A

Macular degeneration

22
Q

Losses of smell and taste begin at about age _________

A

60 years

23
Q

VISION:
- Loss of acuity even with corrective lenses
- Less transmission of light occurs through the retina
- Greater susceptibility to glare
- Color discrimination ability decreases

A

65 to 74 years

24
Q

VISION:
- Significant loss of visual acuity and color discrimination
- Decrease in the size of the perceived visual field
- Significant risk for visual dysfunction from cataracts and glaucoma

A

75 years and older

25
Q

HEARING:
- Significant loss of hearing at high frequencies; some loss at middle frequencies
- Greater susceptibility to masking of what is heard by noise

A

65 to 74 years

26
Q

HEARING:
- Significant loss at high and middle frequencies
- A hearing aid is more than likely to be needed than in young-old age

A

75 years and older

27
Q

Perceptual motor coupling

A
  • Cognitive training
  • Education
28
Q

Touch and pain

A
  • Detect touch less in the lower extremities
  • Decreased sensitivity to pain
29
Q

High blood pressure can be linked to:

A
  • Illness
  • Obesity
  • Anxiety
  • Stiffening of blood vessels
  • Lack of exercise
30
Q

Lung capacity drops __ percent between the ages of __ and __

A
  • 40 percent
  • 20 and 80
31
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Ethnicity is linked with the death rates of older adults.

A

TRUE

32
Q

Nearly __ percent of __ - __ years old die of cancer or cardiovascular disease

A
  • 60 percent
  • 65-74 years old
33
Q

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death

A

75-84 and 85+ age groups

34
Q

Inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems

A

Arthritis

35
Q
  • Extensive loss of bone tissue
  • Causes older adults to walk with a stoop
A

Osteoporosis

36
Q

Ninth leading cause of death in older adults

A

Accidents

37
Q

Leading cause of injury death

A

Falls

38
Q

Increase the risks associated with consuming alcohol or other drugs

A

Multiple medications

39
Q

Highest among older adults

A

Frequency of binge drinking

40
Q

The invisible epidemic in the United States

A

Substance abuse

41
Q
  • Used to describe the onset of alcoholism after the age of 65
  • Related to loneliness, loss of a spouse, or a disabling condition
A

Late-onset alcoholism

42
Q

Linked to better health and increased longevity due to benefits of resveratrol

A

Moderate drinking of red wine

43
Q
  • Slow the aging process and improve the health
  • Neutralize free-radical activity
  • Reduce oxidative stress
A

Antioxidants

44
Q

Decreased the percentage of older adults who live in nursing homes

A

Development of alternative home and community-based care

45
Q

Factor related to health and survival in a nursing home

A

Patient’s feelings of control and self-determination

Developmental Psychology (28 decks)

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