ASU Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth

Question 1

takes place in the first two weeks after conception; creation of the zygote, continued cell division, attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

Answer 1

germinal period

Question 2

inner layers of cells that develops into the embryo

Answer 2

blastocyst

Question 3

outer layer of cells that provides nutrition and support for the embryo

Answer 3

trophoblast

Question 4

occurs two to eight weeks after conception, support systems for the cells form and organs appear

Answer 4

embryonic period

Question 5

rate of cell differentiation intensifies and mass of cells

Answer 5

embryo

Question 6

three layers of cells

Answer 6

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 7

contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats

Answer 7

amnion

Question 8

contains two arteries and one vein, connects the baby to the placenta

Answer 8

umbilical cord

Question 9

disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join

Answer 9

placenta

Question 10

organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development

Answer 10

organogensis

Question 11

period between two months after conception and birth

Answer 11

fetal period

Question 12

nerve cells which handle information processing at the cellular level in the brain

Answer 12

neurons

Question 13

failure of the _______ to close may cause anencephaly and spina bifida

Answer 13

neural tube

Question 14

generation of new neurons

Answer 14

neurogenesis

Question 15

cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations

Answer 15

neuronal migration

Question 16

agent that causes a birth defect

Answer 16

teratogen

Question 17

field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects

Answer 17

teratology

Question 18

antibiotics, antidepressants, hormones, accutane

Answer 18

prescription drugs that can function as teratogens

Question 19

diet pills and high dosages of aspirin

Answer 19

nonprescription drugs that can be harmful

Question 20

act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods

Answer 20

psychoactive drugs

Question 21

incompatibility between the mother’s and father’s blood types poses risk to prenatal development

Answer 21

incompatible blood types

Question 22

radiation, toxic wastes, and other chemical pollutants

Answer 22

environmental hazards

Question 23

rubella and syphilis, genital herpes and AIDS

Answer 23

maternal diseases

Question 24

relationship-centered program which provides complete prenatal care in a group setting

Answer 24

CenteringPregnancy

Question 25

home visits by trained nurses beginning in the second or third trimester of prenatal development

Answer 25

Nurse Family Partnership

Question 26

uterine contractions are 15 to 20 minutes apart and last up to 1 minute; longest stage

Answer 26

1st stage of birth

Question 27

begins when the baby's head starts to move through the cervix and birth canal

Answer 27

2nd stage of birth

Question 28

when the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled

Answer 28

3rd stage of birth / afterbirth

Question 29

caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth

Answer 29

doula

Question 30

reduces the mother's pain by decreasing her fear through education about childbirth and relaxation techniques during delivery

Answer 30

natural childbirth

Question 31

special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor, provides detailed anatomy and physiology course

Answer 31

prepared childbirth

Question 32

another term for prepared childbirth

Answer 32

Lamaze method

Question 33

surgical procedure in which the baby is removed from the mother's uterus through an incision made in her abdomen

Answer 33

Cesarean delivery

Question 34

baby's position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina

Answer 34

breech position

Question 35

used in the first month of life to assess the newborn's neurological development, reflexes, and reactions to people and objects

Answer 35

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Question 36

assessment of the newborn's behavior, neurological and stress responses, and regulatory capacities

Answer 36

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)

Question 37

weighs less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth

Answer 37

low birth weight infants

Question 38

born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation

Answer 38

preterm infants

Question 39

infants' birth weights are below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered

Answer 39

small for date infants

Question 40

involves skin-to-skin contact

Answer 40

kangaroo care

Question 41

involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs four weeks after delivery

Answer 41

postpartum depression

Question 42

period after childbirth that lasts until mother's body has completed its adjustment and has returned to a nearly prepregnant state

Answer 42

postpartum period

Question 43

strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair; have trouble coping with daily tasks

Answer 43

postpartum depression

Question 44

formation of a physical bond, between parents and their newborn shortly after birth

Answer 44

bonding

Question 45

baby remains in the mother's room most of the time during its hospital stay

Answer 45

rooming-in arrangement

Question 46

TRUE OR FALSE In the United States, 98.6 percent of births take place in hospitals.

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

analgesia, anesthesia, and oxytocin (method of childbirth)

Answer 47

medication

Question 48

screening for manageable conditions and treatable diseases; programs include educational, social, and nutritional services; exercise during pregnancy

Answer 48

prenatal care

Question 49

FIRST TRIMESTER less than 1/10 inch long, called a "zygote" beginning development of spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart, and lungs; amniotic sac envelops the preliminary tissues of entire body

Answer 49

conception to 4 weeks

Question 50

FIRST TRIMESTER just over 1 inch long, called an "embryo" face is forming, arms and legs are moving, brain is forming

Answer 50

8 weeks

Question 51

FIRST TRIMESTER is about 3 inches long and weighs about 1 ounce, called a "fetus" can move arms, legs, fingers, and toes; fingerprints are present; can smile, frown, suck, and swallow; sex is distinguishable, can urinate

Answer 51

12 weeks

Question 52

SECOND TRIMESTER about 6 inches long, weighs 4-7 ounces heartbeat is strong, skin is thin and transparent, downy hair covers body, fingernails and toenails are forming, has coordinated movements

Answer 52

16 weeks

Question 53

downy hair

Answer 53

lanugo

Question 54

SECOND TRIMESTER about 12 inches long, weighs close to 1 pound heartbeat is audible, sucks thumb, hiccups + hair, eyelashes, eyebrows are present

Answer 54

20 weeks

Question 55

SECOND TRIMESTER about 14 inches long, weighs 1 to 1 1/2 pounds has strong grip, eyes are open, waste matter is collected in bowel, skin is wrinkled and covered with protective coating

Answer 55

24 weeks

Question 56

THIRD TRIMESTER about 16 inches long, weighs about 3 pounds adding body fat, very active, breathing movements are present

Answer 56

28 weeks

Question 57

THIRD TRIMESTER is 16 to 18 inches long, weighs 4 to 5 pounds has periods of sleep and wakefulness, responds to sounds, bones of head are soft and flexible

Answer 57

32 weeks

Question 58

THIRD TRIMESTER 19 to 20 inches long, weighs 6 to 7 1/2 pounds skin is less wrinkled, lanugo is mostly gone, less active, gaining immunities from mother

Answer 58

36 to 38 weeks

Question 59

protective coating

Answer 59

vernix caseosa