Ligament injuries to the knee Flashcards

1
Q

MOI for MCL injury

A

valgus stress to the knee

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2
Q

Physical exam of MCL

A

Valgus stress test at both 30 degrees of flexion and at 0 degrees.
Grade 1 sprain: 5 mm
Grade 3 sprain: >10mm

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3
Q

MOI for LCL injury

A

varus stress to the knee

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4
Q

Physical exam of LCL

A

Varus stress test at both 30 degrees of flexion and at 0 degrees.
Grade 1 sprain: 5 mm
Grade 3 sprain: >10mm

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5
Q

Tx of MCL and LCL injuries

A

Rest, ice, immobilize
Non operative care for MCL and grade 1 or 2 LCL
Refer if there is a severe injury with instability or a refractory case (don’t improve within a normal timeframe)

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6
Q

MOI for ACL injury

A

Hyperextension (tibia moving forward)

Marked internal rotation

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7
Q

What can be assoc. with ACL injury

A

Meniscus tear and MCL tear

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8
Q

What is a big inspection finding with ACL or PCL ligament tears

A

Hemarthrosis (swelling of the knee immediately after tearing) due to the high vascularization of the cruciate ligaments

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9
Q

Physical exam of ACL injury

A

Lachman’s test (Most sensitive)

Anterior Drawer test (less helpful)

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10
Q

ACL tx

A

Initial: rest, ice, immobilization, crutches, qua/hamstring strengthening
Refer to ortho especially with young active pts.
Replace with autograft or allograft (patellar or hamstring tendon)

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11
Q

MOI for PCL injury

A

hyperflexion of the knee (isolated PCL injury)
“Dashboard” injury (occurs in MVA)
Fall on flexed knee with plantarflexion
Hyperextension of knee, severe ACL tear

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12
Q

Evaluation of PCL injury

A

Check popliteal artery and other soft tissues
Initial: Effusion and decreased ROM
Posterior Drawer Test
Posterior Sag Sign

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13
Q

PCL tx

A

Conservative tx

Can have surgery if other injuries occurred or in young, active pts

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