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Z Clin Med II - Ortho > Common injuries > Flashcards

Common injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a transverse fracture

A

perpendicular to long axis of bone

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2
Q

What is a oblique fracture

A

diagonal to the long axis of the bone

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3
Q

What is a spiral fracture

A

caused by twisting injury

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4
Q

What is greenstick fracture

A

fracture through one cortex

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5
Q

What is torus fracture

A

buckling of the cortex

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6
Q

What is avulsion fracture

A

caused by tendon or ligament pulling a piece of bone off

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7
Q

What is stress fracture

A

caused by non-traumatic cumulative overload on a bone

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8
Q

What is comminuted fracture

A

crushed fracture

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9
Q

What is open fracture

A

bone exposed to external environment

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10
Q

What is a Salter-Harris I fracture

A

through the physis

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11
Q

What is a Salter-Harris II fracture

A

through physis and metaphysis

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12
Q

What is a Salter-Harris III fracture

A

through physis and epiphysis

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13
Q

What is a Salter-Harris IV fracture

A

through epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis

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14
Q

What is a Salter-Harris V fracture

A

physis is crushed

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15
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

elevated pressure in closed muscle compartment

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16
Q

Where is compartment syndrome most common

A

anterior tibia

volar forearm

17
Q

What is the normal pressure

A

120 mmHg

18
Q

What is the compartment pressure

A

30 mmHg

19
Q

What are the 7 Ps of compartment syndrome

A 
Pain
Pallor
Parathesias
paresis
polkiiothermia
pressure
pulselessness
20
Q

What is tendonitis

A

painful inflammation of tendon and/or synovial tissue around tendon

21
Q

What are other names for tendonitis

A

synovitis

tenosynovitis

22
Q

What causes tendonitis

A

overuse injury

acute injury

23
Q

What are common locations for tendonitis

A 
shoulder (cuff)
elbow (epicondylitis)
wrist
knee (patellar)
ankle (achilles)
24
Q

What are bursa

A

fluid filled sacs that cushion muscles and tendons during movement

25
Q

What causes bursitis

A

overuse injury

local trauma

26
Q

What are common locations for bursitis

A

shoulder (subacromial)
hip (greater trochanteric)
elbow (olecranon)
knee (prepatellar and pes anserine)

27
Q

What are corticosteroid injections used for

A

treat musculoskeletal conditions

  • inflammation of synovial tissue in joints
  • inflammation in bursae, tendon sheathes, epidural space
28
Q

What are side effects of corticosteroid injections

A
  • post-injection pain
  • facial flushing
  • focal skin discoloration
  • subcutaneous fat atrophy
  • tendon rupture
  • iatrogenic joint infection
29
Q

Salter Harris Pneumonic (SALTR)

A 
Same (along the physis)
Above (from physis into metaphysis)
Lower (from physis into epiphysis)
Through (through metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis)
wRecked (physis is compressed)

Z Clin Med II - Ortho (51 decks)

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