Common injuries Flashcards
What is a transverse fracture
perpendicular to long axis of bone
What is a oblique fracture
diagonal to the long axis of the bone
What is a spiral fracture
caused by twisting injury
What is greenstick fracture
fracture through one cortex
What is torus fracture
buckling of the cortex
What is avulsion fracture
caused by tendon or ligament pulling a piece of bone off
What is stress fracture
caused by non-traumatic cumulative overload on a bone
What is comminuted fracture
crushed fracture
What is open fracture
bone exposed to external environment
What is a Salter-Harris I fracture
through the physis
What is a Salter-Harris II fracture
through physis and metaphysis
What is a Salter-Harris III fracture
through physis and epiphysis
What is a Salter-Harris IV fracture
through epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis
What is a Salter-Harris V fracture
physis is crushed
What is compartment syndrome
elevated pressure in closed muscle compartment
Where is compartment syndrome most common
anterior tibia
volar forearm
What is the normal pressure
120 mmHg
What is the compartment pressure
30 mmHg
What are the 7 Ps of compartment syndrome
Pain Pallor Parathesias paresis polkiiothermia pressure pulselessness
What is tendonitis
painful inflammation of tendon and/or synovial tissue around tendon
What are other names for tendonitis
synovitis
tenosynovitis
What causes tendonitis
overuse injury
acute injury
What are common locations for tendonitis
shoulder (cuff) elbow (epicondylitis) wrist knee (patellar) ankle (achilles)
What are bursa
fluid filled sacs that cushion muscles and tendons during movement
What causes bursitis
overuse injury
local trauma
What are common locations for bursitis
shoulder (subacromial)
hip (greater trochanteric)
elbow (olecranon)
knee (prepatellar and pes anserine)
What are corticosteroid injections used for
treat musculoskeletal conditions
- inflammation of synovial tissue in joints
- inflammation in bursae, tendon sheathes, epidural space
What are side effects of corticosteroid injections
- post-injection pain
- facial flushing
- focal skin discoloration
- subcutaneous fat atrophy
- tendon rupture
- iatrogenic joint infection
Salter Harris Pneumonic (SALTR)
Same (along the physis) Above (from physis into metaphysis) Lower (from physis into epiphysis) Through (through metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis) wRecked (physis is compressed)
