Intro to Ortho Flashcards
What is orthopedics
Bones Muscles Ligaments Tendons Joints Nerves
What is rheumatology
sub-specialty in internal medicine and peds
immune conditions
What are functions of musculoskeletal systems
Movement structural support protection of organs storage of minerals hematopoesis
What are common complaints for ortho
pain aches soreness discomfort cramps contractures spasms limitation of movement stillness weakness swelling lump mass and tumors
What is the epiphysis
end portion of the bone
What is the metaphysis
- wider portion of bone between diaphysis and epiphysis
- cartillaginous until ossified
- zone of growth
What is diaphysis
long portion of the bone
What are osteoblasts
help build bone tissue
What are osteoclasts
break down bone tissue
What is articular cartillage
facilitates smooth movement between 2 bones
What is important about periosteum
has pain receptors and blood supply
What are diathrodial joints
synovial joints
freely mobile
What are amphiathrodial joints
fibrocarilaginous joints
allow some movement
What are synarthrodial joints
no movement
What are diathrodial joint types
ball and socket hinge condyloid saddle pivot
What are amphiathroidal joint types
costosternal
symphysis pubis
acromioclavicular
What are synathrodial joint types
cranial sutures
What is varus
bowlegged
distal extremity is “inward”
What is valgus
knock-kneed
distal extremity is “outward”
What is fracture
disruption of cortex of bone resulting in cracking, splintering, bisecting
What are characteristics of fractures
open/closed bone involved type of fracture displacement location
What is displacement
when the two parts of bone around fracture have shifted
What is angled
When the two parts of the bone around the fracture are at an angle of each other
What is a dislocation
joint between 2 bones seperates
What is a sprain
stretching of ligaments from excessive force
What are the grades of sprains
1 - partial tear but stable
2 - partial tear with some instability
3 - complete tear
What is a strain
stretching or partial tearing of the muscle-tendon unit from excessive force
