Lesson_025_Attic_Greek_Grammar

Question 1

In Attic Greek, As you would expect, participles built on the stems from the first and fifth principal parts have either middle or passive voice, while those built on the stems from the second and third principal parts have only middle voice.

Answer 1

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #275

Question 2

In Attic Greek, The aorist passive participle and the future passive participle both use the stem from the sixth principal part.

Answer 2

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #276

Question 3

In Attic Greek, Like all other participles, these middle/passive and middle participles have no augments. The present, future, and second aorist participles add a thematic vowel (o) before the participial suffix (-μεν-); the first aorist participle replaces that thematic vowel with σα. If the perfect middle stem ends in a consonant, a euphonic change may be required when the stem and the participial suffix (-μεν-) meet.

Answer 3

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #277

Question 4

In Attic Greek, Euphonic change in perfect middle/passive participles: labial + μ = μμ, palatal + μ = γμ, dental + μ = σμ, ν + μ = σμ or ν drops out before μ

Answer 4

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #278

Question 5

In Attic Greek, No euphonic change is necessary if the stem ends in λ or ρ.

Answer 5

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #279

Question 6

In Attic Greek, Middle/passive and middle participles all have the persistent accent typical of adjectives. In the present, future, and aorist the accent remains, if possible, on the syllable just before the participial suffix (-όμεν-, -σόμεν-, -σάμεν-); in the perfect it remains on the suffix itself (-μέν-). The feminine genitive plural of middle/passive and middle participles has a regular persistent accent; it is only in active participles that the accent of the feminine genitive plural jumps to the ultima.

Answer 6

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #280

Question 7

In Attic Greek, the future participle of εἰμί uses middle endings since ἔσομαι is a middle deponent (i.e., always middle in form, active in meaning). The literal translation of ἐσόμενος, -η, -ον is “going to be.”

Answer 7

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #281

Question 8

In Attic Greek, In the present middle/passive participle of a contract verb, the stem-vowel contracts in a predictable way with -ομεν- (-αο → -ω; -εο, -οο → -ου).

Answer 8

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #282

Question 9

In Attic Greek, A supplementary participle resembles a circumstantial participle in that it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, and stands in the predicate position. The purpose of a supplementary participle, however, is not to describe the circumstances surrounding the main action in the sentence, but to complete (“supplement”) the idea of the main verb. While a circumstantial participle is an optional item in a sentence, a supplementary participle is essential: the point of the sentence would be lost if it were removed.

Answer 9

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #283

Question 10

In Attic Greek, Supplementary participles tense to appear only with certain verbs. They are often combined with forms of εἰμί to express a verbal idea in a periphrastic (roundabout) way; Εἰσί(ν) and ἦσαν, for example, are used with the perfect middle/passive participle (agreeing in gender, number, and case with the subject of the sentence) to make the third-person plural perfect and pluperfect middle/passive indicative of consonant-stem verbs (e.g., πεπεμμένοι εἰσί “they have been sent”— literally, “they are having being sent”; πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν “they had been sent”—literally, “they were having being sent”). The participle and the finite verb that it supplements need not be next to each other in the sentence.

Answer 10

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #284