Lesson_022_Attic_Greek_Grammar

Question 1

In Attic Greek, The fifth principal part of a Greek verb supplies the stem for the perfect middle/passive tense and the pluperfect middle/passive tense.

Answer 1

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #234

Question 2

In Attic Greek, Verbs whose basic stem ends in a vowel, the fifth principal part is easily derivable from the fourth principal part. For verbs whose basic stem ends in a consonant, the fifth principal part is less predictable: its stem-vowel may differ from the stem-vowel in the fourth principal part. Moreover, when the middle/passive ending is added, the collision of letters may cause the consonant at the end of the stem to drop out or change into a different letter, according to the principles of euphonics.

Answer 2

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #235

Question 3

In Attic Greek, Verbs with basic stem ending in a vowel. These verbs form the perfect middle/passive indicative by dropping the κ from their perfect active stem and adding the primary middle/passive endings (-μαι, -σαι, -ται, -μεθα, -σθε, -νται) with no intervening thematic vowel. They form the pluperfect middle/passive indicative by augmenting their perfect active stem, dropping the κ, and adding the secondary middle/passive endings (-μην, -σο, -το, -μεθα, -σθε, -ντο) with no thematic vowel. To create the perfect middle/passive infinitive, they drop the κ from their perfect active stem and add the ending -σθαι with no thematic vowel; the accent of this infinitive is persistent, always on the penult.

Answer 3

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #236

Question 4

In Attic Greek, Verbs with basic stem ending in a consonant, these verbs often lose their final consonant or change it in the process of forming their perfect active stem. The fifth principal part of consonant-stem verbs is built on the same reduplicated stem as the four principal part, but if a consonant has been lost or changed at the end of that stem, the consonant must be restored or put back into its original form before the perfect middle/passive endings are added. If a κ has been added to make the fourth principal part, it must be dropped to make the fifth. If the stem-vowel has changed from ε to o in the fourth principal part, it usually returns to ε in the fifth.

Answer 4

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #237

Question 5

In Attic Greek, With perfect and pluperfect passive verbs, the dative of personal agent (with no preposition) is often used to identify the person responsible for the action. In all other tenses, however, the genitive of personal agent with ὑπό is preferred (e.g., ἐμοὶ τοῦτο πέπρακται “This has been done by me”; ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ τοῦτ᾽ ἐπράττετο “This was being done by me”).

Answer 5

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #238