Lesson_001_Attic_Greek_Memorization Flashcards
Attic Greek has three improper diphthongs ᾳ or αι, ῃ or ηι, ῳ or ωι.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #10
Attic Greek has eleven diphthongs. ΑΙ, Αι, αι, (aisle), ΑΥ, Αυ, αυ (ouch), ΕΙ, Ει, ει (eight), ΕΥ
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #8
Every Vowel that begins a word must have a breathing mark to show whether it is aspirates (rough, ἑ) or is unaspirated (smooth, ἐ).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #7
Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, two are nasals (μ, ν).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #19
Attic Greek has Eight proper diphthongs αι αυ ει ευ ηυ οι ου νι
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #9
When a sigma is followed by a different consonant, the pronunciation is ambiguous, so the two may be regarded either as being pronounced together or as being pronounced separately.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #26
If one liquid or nasal is followed by a different liquid or nasal or by a stop, they are pronounced separately.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #28
A Greek word is not permitted to end in any consonant except ν, ρ, ς, ξ, or ψ. The words ἐκ and οὐκ, both ending in kappa, are the only exceptions to this rule.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #22
Some scholars, especially those who work with fragmentary manuscripts, prefer to use ϲ, a “lunate” sigma; it has the same shape regardless of where in a word it occurs.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #2
There seven Greek vowels (α, ε, η, ι, ο, υ, ω)
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #3
Improper diphthongs are categorized as improper because the second letter (iota) in each of them eventually became silent. In the Attic age, however, the iota was still pronounced.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #11
η and ω are the long versions of ε and ο.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #5
Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, nine are stops (also called mutes); these are further classified as labials (π,β,φ), dentals (τ, δ, θ), or palatals(κ, γ, χ).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #17
Repeated consonants are always pronounced separately.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #25
In the case of a capitalized proper diphthong, the breathing and accent remain in their usual place, above the second vowel (e.g., Αἵ).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #15
η and ω are the long versions of ε and ο.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #6
ε and ο are always short vowels
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #4
Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, one is a sibilant(σ)
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #20
If one stop (π, β, φ, τ, δ, θ, κ, γ, χ) is followed by a different stop or by a liquid (λ, ρ) or a nasal (μ, ν), they are usually pronounced together.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #27
Sigma has the form ς only when it is the last letter in a word; otherwise it appears as σ.
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #1
Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, two Greek consonants are liquids (λ, ρ).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #18
When the consonant rho (p) occurs at the beginning of a word, it too has a breathing mark – always rough (ῥ-) – and is transliterated as rh rather than r
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #14
Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, three are double consonants: ζ (= σδ, later δσ), ξ (= κσ, γσ, χσ), (= πσ, βσ, or φσ).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #21
If the word begins with an improper diphthong, the breathing goes above the first vowel, never the iota (e.g., ᾁ-, ἁι-, ᾀ-, ἀι-).
Attic Greek Grammar Rule #13
