Lesson_001_Attic_Greek_Memorization

Question 1

Attic Greek has three improper diphthongs ᾳ or αι, ῃ or ηι, ῳ or ωι.

Answer 1

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #10

Question 2

Attic Greek has eleven diphthongs. ΑΙ, Αι, αι, (aisle), ΑΥ, Αυ, αυ (ouch), ΕΙ, Ει, ει (eight), ΕΥ

Answer 2

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #8

Question 3

Every Vowel that begins a word must have a breathing mark to show whether it is aspirates (rough, ἑ) or is unaspirated (smooth, ἐ).

Answer 3

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #7

Question 4

Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, two are nasals (μ, ν).

Answer 4

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #19

Question 5

Attic Greek has Eight proper diphthongs αι αυ ει ευ ηυ οι ου νι

Answer 5

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #9

Question 6

When a sigma is followed by a different consonant, the pronunciation is ambiguous, so the two may be regarded either as being pronounced together or as being pronounced separately.

Answer 6

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #26

Question 7

If one liquid or nasal is followed by a different liquid or nasal or by a stop, they are pronounced separately.

Answer 7

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #28

Question 8

A Greek word is not permitted to end in any consonant except ν, ρ, ς, ξ, or ψ. The words ἐκ and οὐκ, both ending in kappa, are the only exceptions to this rule.

Answer 8

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #22

Question 9

Some scholars, especially those who work with fragmentary manuscripts, prefer to use ϲ, a “lunate” sigma; it has the same shape regardless of where in a word it occurs.

Answer 9

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #2

Question 10

There seven Greek vowels (α, ε, η, ι, ο, υ, ω)

Answer 10

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #3

Question 11

Improper diphthongs are categorized as improper because the second letter (iota) in each of them eventually became silent. In the Attic age, however, the iota was still pronounced.

Answer 11

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #11

Question 12

η and ω are the long versions of ε and ο.

Answer 12

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #5

Question 13

Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, nine are stops (also called mutes); these are further classified as labials (π,β,φ), dentals (τ, δ, θ), or palatals(κ, γ, χ).

Answer 13

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #17

Question 14

Repeated consonants are always pronounced separately.

Answer 14

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #25

Question 15

In the case of a capitalized proper diphthong, the breathing and accent remain in their usual place, above the second vowel (e.g., Αἵ).

Answer 15

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #15

Question 16

η and ω are the long versions of ε and ο.

Answer 16

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #6

Question 17

ε and ο are always short vowels

Answer 17

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #4

Question 18

Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, one is a sibilant(σ)

Answer 18

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #20

Question 19

If one stop (π, β, φ, τ, δ, θ, κ, γ, χ) is followed by a different stop or by a liquid (λ, ρ) or a nasal (μ, ν), they are usually pronounced together.

Answer 19

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #27

Question 20

Sigma has the form ς only when it is the last letter in a word; otherwise it appears as σ.

Answer 20

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #1

Question 21

Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, two Greek consonants are liquids (λ, ρ).

Answer 21

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #18

Question 22

When the consonant rho (p) occurs at the beginning of a word, it too has a breathing mark – always rough (ῥ-) – and is transliterated as rh rather than r

Answer 22

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #14

Question 23

Of Greek’s seventeen consonants, three are double consonants: ζ (= σδ, later δσ), ξ (= κσ, γσ, χσ), (= πσ, βσ, or φσ).

Answer 23

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #21

Question 24

If the word begins with an improper diphthong, the breathing goes above the first vowel, never the iota (e.g., ᾁ-, ἁι-, ᾀ-, ἀι-).

Answer 24

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #13

Question 25

If a word begins with a proper diphthong the breathing goes above the second vowel (e.g., αἱ-, αἰ-)

Answer 25

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #12

Question 26

The question mark in Greek is the semicolon in English (;)

Answer 26

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #24

Question 27

A Greek word has as many syllables as it has vowels and diphthongs (e.g., θε-αί = two syllables).

Answer 27

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #23

Question 28

There are no words in Attic Greek that begin with upsilon and smooth breathing, so a word with an initial upsilon will always have rough breathing (ὑ-, υἱ-).

Answer 28

Attic Greek Grammar Rule #16