Lectures 57 + 58 Flashcards
There are 6 macro-minerals (minerals we need a relatively large amount of in our diets) and they include ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ (CCMPPS.)
They include Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Sodium.
There are 9 essential trace minerals/elements (minerals we do not need a relatively large amount of in our diets), and they include ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ (CCMMIIFSZ.) ____, ____, and ____ are considered lesser health concerns.
They include Copper, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Fluoride, Selenium, and Zinc. Manganese, Molybdenum, and Chromium are considered lesser health concerns.
UNICEF suggests the best/most cost effective way to treat diseases worldwide is to treat vitamin and mineral _____, as opposed to treating individual disease.
Suggest treat vitamin and mineral DEFICIENCIES.
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica is characterized by skin ____, alopecia, impaired ______ and delayed sexual maturation, resulting from decreased _____ absorption in the jejunum because of mutation in the _____ ____ transporter gene. Treatment is lifetime administration of higher than UL ____ supplementation.
Characterized by SKIN LESION and alopecia, impaired IMMUNITY and delayed sexual maturation, resulting from decreased ZINC absorption in the jejunum because of a mutation in the Zip4 ZINC transporter gene. Treatment is lifetime administration of higher than UL ZINC supplementation.
Signs and symptoms of Cu deficiency are related to the ____ that is present in Cu deficient individuals, but the biggest concern is damage to _____ (particularly in spinal cord.)
Signs and symptoms of Cu deficiency are related to the ANEMIA that is present in Cu deficient individuals, but the biggest concern is damage to NEURONS (particularly in the spinal cord.)
_____ is a Cu containing enzyme that circulates in the plasma, and can be measured to determine relative Cu levels.
CERULOPLASMIN
High does ____ supplements can cause a Cu deficiency.
High dose ZINC supplements can cause a Cu deficiency.
Wilson’s Disease is _____ recessive, and is characterized by high organ ____ levels (particularly in the liver, brain, and kidneys.) The most definitive test is liver biopsy.
It is AUTOSOMAL recessive, and is characterized by high organ COPPER levels.
____ deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide.
IRON
Why is iron deficiency most prevalent in 16-49 year old females in the US?
Monthly menstrual blood loss
Hemochromatosis is observed in carriers of the ______ gene. The definitive test is ____ biopsy. Keep in mind that iron status is controlled more so by ____ rather than excretion.
Observed in carriers of C282Y gene. The definitive test is LIVER biopsy. Keep in mind that iron status is controlled more so by ABSORPTION rather than excretion.
The best treatment for Hemochromatosis is ______. Though, decreased dietary iron and vitamin _____ (which helps with absorption of iron) help as well.
The best treatment is PHLEBOTOMY. Though, decreased dietary iron and vitamin C help as well.
Men and women are ____ likely to become anemic later in life.
LESS likely
____ deficiency, after Iron and Vitamin A deficiency, is the third most common micronutrient deficiency in the world.
IODINE
Iodine deficiency can lead to _____ (enlarged thyroid), and is especially bad for neonates as it can lead to impaired growth and _____ (severe mental retardation.)
Iodine deficiency can lead to GOITER, and is especially bad for neonates as it can lead to impaired growth and CRETINISM.
