Lecture 52 Flashcards
_____ acid is a precursor for tetrahydrofolate, which is used as a carrier of ____ ____ units at different levels of oxidation.
FOLIC acid is a precursor for tetrahydrofolate, which is used as a carrier of ONE CARBON units at different levels of oxidation.
Sources for folic acid include intestinal bacteria, liver, yeast, and green veggies. Folic acid deficiencies can lead to ______ anemia, ____ tube defects, and _____ disturbances.
Deficiencies can lead to MEGALOBLASTIC anemia, NEURAL tube defects, and GI disturbances.
_______ inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, but not in humans, whereas ______ inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis in both humans and microorganisms.
SULFANILAMIDES inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, but not in humans, whereas METHOTREXATE inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis in both humans and microorganisms.
_______ selectively inhibits only bacterial synthesis of tetrahydrofolate.
TRIMETHOPRIM
Tetrahydrofolate can be converted to _____-THF, which is only used to convert homocysteine to methionine. This reaction requires vit ____. A deficiency in this vit leads to a “___ ____.” You can reverse the anemic effects of ____ and vit ____ deficiency with high doses of _____.
It can be converted to METHYL-THF, which is only used to conver homocysteine to methionine. This reaction requires vit B12. A deficiency in B12 leads to a “FOLATE TRAP.” You can reverse the anemic effects of FOLATE and vit B12 deficiency with high doses of FOALTE.
Vit B12, also known as _______, is a complex ring structure which includes a ____ atom.
Also known as COBALAMIN, is a complex ring structure which includes a COBALT atom.
B12 deficiency can lead to ____ anemia and neurological issues including degradation of ______ ______ neurons.
B12 deficiency can lead to PERNICIOUS anemia and neurological issues including degradation of SPINAL CORD neurons.
B12 sources include ___ and ___, but not plants, as it is made by bacteria.
MEAT AND MILK
B12 absorption in the ileum requires B12 binds to ____ (produed by P-cells in the stomach).
Absorption requires B12 binds to INTRINSIC FACTOR (IF)
Vit C, also known as _____ acid, is known to have antioxidant qualities and plays an important role in the _____ of purine residues of collagen.
Also known as ASCORBIC acid, is known to have antioxidant qualities and plays an important role in the HYDROXYLATION of purine residues of collagen.
Deficiency in ascorbic acid can lead to Scurvy, which includes symptoms like hemorrhage, and impaired wound healing and _____ formation.
Impaired wound healing and BONE formation.
Major targets for action of Vit D include nuclear receptors in intestine, _____, and bone. Vit D deficiency can lead to ____ and ____.
Include intestine, KIDNEY, and BONE. Deficiency can lead to RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA.
Tocopherol, aka Vit ____, is a liposoluble antioxidant which helps to prevent ____ damage. In humans, deficiency is associated with lysis of _____. It can be obtained in the diet from sources like _____ and wheat germ oil.
Aka Vit E, is a liposoluble antioxidant which can help prevent LIPID damage. In humans, deficiency is assoiated with lysis of ERYTHROCYTES. It can be obtained in the diet from sources like VEGGIES and wheat germ oil.
Vit ___ is a coenzyme for the carboxylation of glutamic acid side chains of some _____ _____ factors (prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X.)
Vit K is a coenzyme for the carboxyltion of glutamic acid side chains of some BLOOD CLOTTING factors.
Vit K is produced by intestinal _____.
Intestinal BACTERIA
