Lecture 9: Nutritional Truths (Exam 1) Flashcards
Besides dry food what are other formats of commercial pet food?
- Wet (canned)
- Refrigerated
- Freeze dried
- frozen
- Raw
Which terms have regulatory meaning
- Human grade
- Natural
- Organic
What is AAFCOs definition of natural
What non natural ingredients are allowed in “natural” pet food
- Natural w/ added vitamins, mineral, & other trace nutrients
- Disclaimer must be the same style, color, & @ least one half size of the term natural
What are the exceptions to no artificial colors or preservatives in natural food
- However, ingredients may be artificially preserved before reaching the pet food manufacturer
- Companies do not have to list preservatives unless they personally add them
What does organic refer too
- The handling & processing of ingredients & production
- Must comply w/ USDAs national organic program regulations
- Doesn’t refer to the quality of the product
Describe ancestral/biologically appropriate
- No regulatory meaning
- Dogs are capable of consuming high fat & protein diets (more energy/calorie dense)
- Dogs aren’t wolves
- Dogs have starch adaptation
- Wildlife dies is not synonymous w/ optimal or desired nutrition
What is human grade
Pertains to the manufacturing facility itself
Which of the following risk are associated w/ raw meat based diets
- Pathogens
- Anti-nutritional factors
What type of food is more likely to be contaminated by pathogens (salmonella, listeria, etc.) which are zoonotic dx
Raw meat
What are relatively safe commercial products
- If the commercial manufacturer is proactive about pathogen elimination
- High pressure processing (HPP) + probiotics + testing final product for pathogens
- Manufactured by a team who is properly trained & test protocol efficacy
What are ex of antinutritional factors in raw meat
- Avidin in raw eggs
- Thiaminases in raw fish
What best describes chicken by product meal
Chicken organs w/ water & fat removed (lighter)
Define poultry byproducts
- Parts of carcasses of slaughtered poultry from the human food chain
- Free from fecal content & foreign matter
What is more concentrated source of micronutrients (a grain)
Organ meat
Define poultry by product meal
- Ground, rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered poultry
- Exclusive of feather except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing prac
What is a more concentrated source of micronutrient (a grain)
Corn
When should grain free diets be beneficial
If a pxs issue improve on a grain free diet (consider what else is diff about the diet other than the lac of grain) like w/ px on gluten enteropathy
Describe fresh food
- No official definition
- Alternative commercial wet food
- Can have a higher digestibility than some kibble
- Kibble is not the same as processed human food
- Cost more than kibble
Which nutrient deficiencies are cats @ risk of when consuming a vegetarian diet
- AAs
- Arachidonic acid
- Retinol
- Vitamin B12
What are considerations that need to be considered when discussing vegetarian/vegan diet
- For dogs it can be an option
- They have higher protein req than humans/diff nutrient reqs
- Cats have dietary req that only come from animal tissue
What questions should be asked to companies that didn’t respond to PNA pet food manufacturing report or if you want more info
- Who formulates your foods & what are their credentials
- Will you provide an average/typical nutrient analysis
- What specific quality control measures do you have
How should discussing pet food be discussed w/ clients
- Start wi/ clarifying the clients goals (helps to provide context when helping clients navigate pet food)
- Look @ different pet food characteristics that drive purchasing decisions
- Express your goals as a vet
- Admit bias
- Admit its stressful
- Be the guide not the hero or the villain
- Clarify your goals
- Recognize the clients autonomy
What is rendering
Process that repurposes animal byproducts that are not used for human consumption & transforming them into ingredients for pet food & other products
