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Nutrition > Lecture 28: Poultry Nutrition (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Poultry Nutrition (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Poultry production changed significantly after discovery of what

A

vitamin D (keep poultry indoors)

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2
Q

Chickens were originally used for what product

A
  • eggs
  • meat by product
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3
Q

**Definition: **

adult female chicken

A

hen

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4
Q

**Definition: **

Male adult chicken

A

rooster

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5
Q

**Definition: **

immature female chicken

A

pullet

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6
Q

**Definition: **

immature male chicken

A

cockerel

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7
Q

**Definition: **

baby male or female chick

A

chick

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8
Q

**Definition: **

Chicken breed used for wither meat or egg production

A

dual purpose

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9
Q

**Definition: **

Hen that doesn’t want to incubate eggs

A

non-setting

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10
Q

**Definition: **

Hen that wants to incubate egg

A

broody

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11
Q

What breed of chicken is used for commercial egg production

A

white leghorns

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12
Q

What chickens are used for commercial meat production

A

cornish cross (white rock and cornish)

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13
Q

Hens sit on eggs for how many days

A

21 days

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14
Q

What breed is this and what are they used for?

A
  • white leghorn
  • Used for egg production
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15
Q

What breed is this and what are they used for?

A
  • Cornish cross
  • Used for meat production
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16
Q

What type of poultry industry is this?

  • Independent contractors raise birds on a per pound basis with incentives to maximize feed efficiency and minimize death loss
  • Tyson, Gold Kist, Pilgrim’s Pride
A

Vertically integrated industry

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17
Q

majority of breeding stocks for meat industry are what breed

A
  • cornish rocks
  • cornish crosses
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18
Q

Which section of the broiler supply chain is this describing?

Houses female chickens from hatching to puberty (then they are moved to breeding farms)

A

pullet farms

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19
Q

What is the rooster to hen ratio found in breeding farms

A

1 rooster for every 5 hens

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20
Q

What is important about the nutrition plan in breeding farms

A

restriction feeding (do not want them fat)

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21
Q

Which section of the broiler supply chain is this describing?

  • incubation of eggs
  • chicks are sorted on gender and vaccinated
A

hatchery

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22
Q

Which section of the broiler supply chain is this describing?

chickens become full grown in 6 weeks

A

broiler farm (most production famers)

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23
Q

What is the typical weight range goal in chickens

A

3.5-5lbs

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24
Q

What are the 3 phases that Broiler chickens are usually fed in

A
  • starter diet for 2 weeks
  • Grower diets for 2 to 3 W
  • Finishing diet for 2 W
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25
How many chickens can the Typical chicken housing size (about 40x400 feet) hold
11000 chickens
26
# **What broiler diet is being described** * 22-25% CP * adequate lysine and methionine * 1425 Kcals/feed
Starter diets
27
# **What broiler diet is being described** has 21-23% CP
grower diet
28
# **What broiler diet is being described** has 19-21% CP
finishing diet
29
What impacts DMI in chickens
energy concentration (low energy = higher intake)
30
What is the First-limiting amino acid in a typical corn-SBM diet?
methionine
31
What two amino acids are essential for growing chickens
* glycine * serine
32
What chickens are used for laying hens
leghorn
33
What are the phases of feeding layers
* starter diet: 6 weeks * Grower diet: 6 W to sexual maturity * Developer diet: 12 W to 5% egg production * Layer phase 1,2,3
34
During the starter diet in laying hens what should be avoided
imbalances in nutrients
35
A pullet weighs about how many lbs
3.25 lbs
36
# **What layer phase is this: ** Hen is still growing and increasing egg production
Layer phase 1
37
Peak egg production is hit at what feeding phase
between layer phase 1 and 2
38
Egg production startsdecreasing in what feeding phase? When does egg weight increase?
* laying Phase 2 and 3 * egg weight increases in 3
39
What Ca: P ratio do Hens need to produce strong egg shells
12 Ca : 1 P
40
What should the CP % be for layers (along w/ adequate essential amino acids)
15-18 %
41
# **What is this describing** * feed and light restricted * 3-6 weeks to increase rate of egg production
forced molting
42
What occurs in young meat birds due to imbalance of Ca, P, and vitamin D
Rickets
43
# **What dx is this** * Abnormal cartilage mass in proximal head of tibiotarsus * Disrupted blood supply to growth plate - lack of normal ossification * signs seen around 14-25 days old - have reluctance to walk
Tibial dyschondroplasia
44
incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia is increased when there is an imbalance of what
Ca and P
45
# **What dx is this** * Paralysis during or following high egg production * Vertebra fracture due to impaired Ca flux
Cage layer fatigue
46
# **What dx is this: ** * enlargement and malformation of tibiometatarsal joint * thickening and shortening of leg bones * slippage of gastrocnemius tendon
Perosis
47
Perosis can be caused by what nutritional imbalances
manganese efficiency
48
What impairs manganese absorption
Ca and P are too high
49
What is seen if there is: * low amounts or no vitamin E * high fat * lack of antioxidants
encephalomalacia
50
What can you see in chickens deficient in both Vitamin E and Selenium
exudative diathesis
51
What can you see in chickens that lack sulfur AAs and vitamin E
Muscular dystrophy
52
A chicken presenting with: * reluctant to move * depressed * eyes closed * dyspnea * abdomen distended **What might you suspect is affecting this chicken**
Egg binding (dystocia)
53
What are some predisposing factors to egg binding
* Ca deficiency * chronic egg laying * genetics * inappropriate environment (husbandry issues)
54
What is the treatment for eggbinding dx
* warm humid area * fluids * parenteral Ca * analgesics * oxytocin * try to anesthetizes and put pressure on sternum to eggs
55
How is broodiness controlled in backyard flocks
* lighting conditions * instinct * hormones
56
Why is it so important to feed **ALWAYS** properly feed chickens
b/c nutritional deficiency show up quickly in chickens
57
How do you break a set?
* place hen in wire cage raised off floor, in well lit location, w/ cool air under hen * **DO NOT DUNK HER IN WATER OR REPEATEDLY REMOVE FROM NEST**
58
What should you feed a broody hen when setting & why
* chick starter ration * increased protein and energy
59
If owners are feeding table scraps what should you tell them?
* fresh scraps (fresh greens and avoid lots of bread) * limit to what they can eat in 10-20 minutes
60
What disorder could be due to impaired Ca FLUX
Cage layer fatigue

Nutrition (26 decks)

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