Lecture 25: Pig Nutrition 2 (Exam 3)

Question 2

Is fiber a major energy source in pigs?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Are pigs (carnivores/omnivores/herbivores)

Answer 3

omnivores (ferment some)

Question 4

Where do pigs get their energy

Answer 4

• digestible carbohydrates (CORN or corn grain)
• some fat

Question 5

Do pigs have specific requirements for protein?

Answer 5

NO (Amino acid requirements)

Question 6

What do we use in pig diets for energy

Answer 6

Corn

Question 7

Highest quality source for amino acid supplementation is?

Answer 7

soy bean meal (meat and bone meal can be a secondary source)

Question 8

What cereal grain and fats are used in pig diets for energy

Answer 8

• CORN
• grain sorghum
• wheat
• barley (higher in fiber which means less energy)

Question 9

Which are more variable in AA profiles: cereal grains or cereal byproducts

Answer 9

cereal by products

Question 10

What cereal by product are commonly used in pig diets

Answer 10

distillers dried grains (with soluble energy similar to corn - less soluble )

Question 11

What is high in Dried distillers grains that can contribute to soft pork?

Answer 11

unsaturated fat content

Question 12

Soft pork associated with high unsaturated fat leads to problems with what?

Answer 12

processing

Question 13

Fats are added at about what % of dry matter as pigs reach finishing weight

Answer 13

3-5% (can improve feed conversion and ADG)

Question 14

What % fat can be added to a diet to reduce dust and improve flow of feed in equipment

Answer 14

1 - 2%

Question 15

What % fat will improve ADG while causing handling problems (bridging/caking/sticking)

Answer 15

5 %

Question 16

What can be used to help prevent rancidity with prolonged storage or high temperatures

Answer 16

antioxidants

Question 17

Pigs deposit fat with (higher/same/lower) fatty acid profile as dietary fat

Answer 17

SAME (so high unsaturated fat = soft pork/soft fat, make difficult to slice for bacon)

Question 18

Which is normal fat

Answer 18

left

Question 19

How many amino acids are essential in pig diets?

Answer 19

10

Question 20

What amino acids are most cereal grains lacking? (4)

Answer 20

• lysine
• tryptophan
• threonine
• methionine

Question 21

What amino acid is most important to evaluate in pig diets

Answer 21

lysine

Question 22

Lysine requirement for pigs is described as?

Answer 22

(SID) standardized ileal digestible lysine

Question 23

SID Lysine requirements:
* 5-10 kg pigs = What %
* 10-25 kg pigs= What %

Answer 23

• 5 to 10 Kg = 1.35 to 1.4 %
• 10 - 25 kg = 1.3%

Question 24

For SID lysine requirements for older heavier pigs what do we observe

Answer 24

SID lysine : energy ratio

Question 25

What is the AA availabilty of By-product and heavily processed feeds

Answer 25

VARIABLE

Question 26

Crystalline/synthetic amino acids are what % digestible

Answer 26

100

Question 27

What can be used as a sole protein source in most pig diets because it approximates the AA profile of animal tissue

Answer 27

Soybean meal

Question 28

Baby pig starter diets need what kind of amino acid source

Answer 28

animal protein (Whey or blood products- older pigs can have animal or plant sources)

Question 29

What is a concern with baby pigs on Soybean meal immediately after weaning

Answer 29

issues digesting

Question 30

What has been produced to help address low lysine issues in corn/SM based diets

Answer 30

* high oil corn (6.5% vs 3.5%) * high lysine corn (0.30 vs 0.26%)

Question 31

What is the upper level limit of fat inclusion in pigs diets?

Answer 31

0.05

Question 32

What is the Ideal particle size for pig diets

Answer 32

700-800 microns

Question 33

What can help improve feed digestibility for fibrous grains such as barley

Answer 33

grinding

Question 34

Fine particles of about what microns may increase gastric ulcers and create dusty feeds? What other problems can this size cause?

Answer 34

* 460 * reduce intake, bridge in feeder, increase respiratory issues

Question 35

Major minerals of concern in pig diets

Answer 35

Ca and P

Question 36

Excess Calcium in pig diets leads to

Answer 36

parakeratosis (excessive and abnormal keratinization of epidermis- thickening of skin- interferes with absorption of other minerals)

Question 37

Major mistakes in calcium and phosphorus levels can lead to

Answer 37

rickets and bone disorders

Question 38

What % phosphorus in plants is in the form of phytate

Answer 38

50-70% (NOT DIGESTIBLE FOR PIGS- availability is a big issue)

Question 39

What microbe in ruminants allows them to digest phytate (we supplement it in pig diets to allow them to use phosphorus) ?

Answer 39

phytase

Question 40

What are the Calcium and phosphorus requirements in growing pigs & the ratio?

Answer 40

* CA= 0.66% * P = 0.56% * Ratio = 1.25: 1

Question 41

What mineral should we always add to pig diets?

Answer 41

NaCl (make sure water is available)

Question 42

What vitamins should be supplemented in pigs

Answer 42

* A * D * E * K * All B vitamins (60 day shelf life)

Question 43

How should water be provided to pigs

Answer 43

ad libitum

Question 44

Pigs consume up to how many lbs of water for every 1 lb of dry feed

Answer 44

10lbs

Question 45

lactating sows need at least how many gallons/day available to them

Answer 45

5

Question 46

What growth promotant is used in finishing diets to increase lean tissue and improve feed efficiency

Answer 46

* paylean * ractopamine: beta adrenergic agonist; increases average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness

Question 47

Most major pork processors have now banned what growth promotant

Answer 47

paylean

Question 48

What law was passed that removes production uses for antibiotics (growth promotants, feed efficiency) that are medically important

Answer 48

Veterinary feed directive ( antibiotics need to be given under veterinarian)

Question 49

When do most nutritional problems occur

Answer 49

* incorrect mixing * prolonged storage of feed under adverse conditions * gross mismanagement in preparation of pre-mixes

Question 50

What Classic diseases that still commonly occur in pigs associated with nutrition

Answer 50

* salt poisoning * mulberry heart disease

Question 51

What is a result of vitamin E or selenium deficiency

Answer 51

Mulberry heart disease (get fluid in pericardial sac around heart plus fibrin strands and hemorrhaging in myocardium and epicardium)

Question 52

What in corns can lead to diseases in pigs

Answer 52

mycotoxins (produced by molds)

Question 53

What are two important mycotoxins that cause issues in pigs

Answer 53

vomitoxin and zearalenone

Question 54

What mycotoxin causes vomiting and feed refusal in growing and nursery pigs

Answer 54

vomitoxin

Question 55

What mycotoxin affects older pigs causing irregular estrus cycles and reduced litter sizes (estrogenic compound) as well as testicular atrophy in young boars

Answer 55

zearalenone

Question 56

What mineral is usually unavailable as phytate in plant feed sources

Answer 56

phosphorus

Question 57

What is the biggest issue in nutrition with pet pigs/pot bellies?

Answer 57

OBESITY (feed commercial diets for pet pigs pot bellies usually weigh 70-150lbs, mini pigs 50-150 lbs)

Question 58

Pet pigs recommendation for feeding is to feed what % of their body weight

Answer 58

2%(limit feed- feed 2x a day, make sure water is available, DO NOT FEED COMMERCIAL PIG PRODUCTION FEED- designed for weight gain)

Question 59

What should you supplement in pet pig diets to satisfy appetite

Answer 59

greens (leafy vegetables, green grass and fruits in limited amounts)

Question 60

What should you feed pet pigs to avoid urolithiasis?

Answer 60

urinary acidifiers