Lecture 13: Equine Nutrition 1 (Exam 2)

Question 1

Where does bile go since equine don’t have a gall bladder

Answer 1

Flows constantly if eating continuously

Question 2

Where does fermentation occur in equine?

Answer 2

• In the cecum & LI
• Generated VFA (acetate, propionate, & butyrate)

Question 3

Where is protein digested/fermented

Answer 3

• High quality = SI
• Low quality = more fermented in the LI

Question 4

Where are most hydrolyzable carbs digested & absorbed

Answer 4

In the SI

Question 5

What are non structural carbs (NSC)

Answer 5

• Soluble carbs
• Simple sugars, starch, fructans

Question 6

What are structural carbs

Answer 6

• Non soluble
• Cellulose, hemicellulose, & lignin

Question 7

What are hydrolyzable CHOs

Answer 7

• carbs that are able to be digested/absorbed in SI
• Simple sugars & non resistant starches

Question 8

Describe rapidly fermentable CHO

Answer 8

• Microbial digestion in the LI
• Resistant starches & some oligosaccharides

Question 9

Describe slowly fermentable CHO

Answer 9

• Microbial digestion in LI
• Hemicellulose & some cellulose

Question 10

How are carbs classified

Answer 10

• Structure
• Type of digestion

Question 11

What are pastures

Answer 11

A mix of grasses & legumes (clover & grass)

Question 12

When is feeding just pasture considered insufficient

Answer 12

When feeding growing foals, lactating mares, or horses in training

Question 13

Describe the common batch/meal fed to horses

Answer 13

• Hay & grain in the morning & evening
• Low amount of water ingested on hay/grain diet
• Feces tends to be drier

Question 14

T/F: Horses are selective grazers

Answer 14

True

Question 15

How long does it take a horse to eat a sufficient daily intake on good pasture

Answer 15

Within 4 hours

Question 16

What is the ideal pasture set up for equine & why

Answer 16

• Have multiple pastures
• Use pasture rotation
• Help w/ parasite control
• Preventing over or under grazing

Question 17

What are some common pasture grasses

Answer 17

• Kentucky blue grass
• Timothy
• Orchardgrass

Question 18

How can you tell if pasture is adequate

Answer 18

• Monitor the condition of horses & pasture
• Estimate pasture intake
• Do a forage analysis

Question 19

What is found in a forage analysis

Answer 19

• As sampled & DM columns
• CP
• Fiber
• Energy
• Ash
• Relative feed value

Question 20

What does CP tell us on a forage analysis

Answer 20

• The quantity of protein
• No info on the quality of protein

Question 21

What fiber is found on a forage analysis

Answer 21

• Lignin
• ADF (cellulose + lignin)
• NDF (Cellulose + Hemicellulose + lignin)

Question 22

What energy is found on a forage analysis

Answer 22

• DE
• WSC (Water soluble carbs)
• ESC (ethanol soluble carbs)
• Starch
• NFC (non fiber carbs)
• Crude fat

Question 23

What are considered WSC

Answer 23

• Simple sugars
• Disaccharides
• Oligosaccharides
• Some polysaccharides
• Fructans

Question 24

What are ESCs

Answer 24

• A subset of WSC
• Should not include polysaccharides
• Determine glycemic response

Question 25

How is NFC calculated

Answer 25

100 - CP - fat - NDF - ash

Question 26

Describe RFV

Answer 26

* Relative fedd value * Relative to 100 * Alfalfa is ideal * The higher the RFV is better

Question 27

What is the ideal feeding hay to horses

Answer 27

Feed by weight after nutritional analysis is performed

Question 28

What are characteristics of good quality horse hay

Answer 28

* Low stemminess * Lots of leafiness * Green color * Free from mold & dust * Smells good/fresh * No foreign material (weeds/poisonous plants)

Question 29

Describe dry matter (DM)

Answer 29

* The dry portion of feed minus water * Contains protein, energy (carbs + lipids), vitamins, & minerals * Weigh of feed on a DM basis will be less compared to feed on an AF basis * Concentration of nutrients is higher on a DM basis

Question 30

Describe AF (as fed)

Answer 30

* The feed as we would feed it to the animal * DM + water * Used when we need to know how much feed to give an animal to provide a certain amount of energy/protein or how much feed to purchase

Question 31

What is the definition of dry matter intake (DMI)

Answer 31

Total lbs of all feed, devoid of moisture, consumed over the course of one day

Question 32

What is the ONLY accurate basis for determining intake of nutrients

Answer 32

DMI

Question 33

What is the avg DMI for horses

Answer 33

* Maintenance: 1.5 to 2% of BW * Peak of lactation: 3% of BW * Growing: 2 to 3.5% of BW

Question 34

What is the equation for calculating DMI

Answer 34

DMI (lbs DM consumed) = BW x (% eating)

Question 35

What equation is used to convert DM to AF

Answer 35

AF (lbs pasture AF) = DMI / % DM

Question 36

What are textured feeds

Answer 36

Feeds that often have molasses added to increase palatability & to reduce dust

Question 37

Describe pelleted feeds

Answer 37

* Better utilization & digestibility * More uniform distribution * Unable to sort * Heated * Less mold formation

Question 38

When should the amount of concentrate fed be increased

Answer 38

* Growth is occurring * Grass is mature/ not growing/unava

Question 39

What are energy requirments calculated as for horses

Answer 39

Digestible energy DE

Question 40

What does DE, ME, & NE account for

Answer 40

* DE: accounts for energy lost in feces * ME: accounts for energy lost in gasses & urine * NE: accounts for energy lost in heat

Question 41

What is the avg maintnance req of horses 600 kg or less

Answer 41

16.4 Mcal/day

Question 42

What are the energy requirement for lactation during the first 3 months

Answer 42

Maintenance + (75% of maintenance)

Question 43

What are the energy requirements for work

Answer 43

* Light work = maintenance + (25% of maintenance) * Moderate = Maintenance + (50% of maintenance) * Hard = Maintenance x 2

Question 44

How is the amount of hay that needs to be fed calculated

Answer 44

Amount to feed (lbs of food DM) = daily energy req / ( Mcal/lb of DM)