Lecture 4: Nutritional Assessment & Energy Calculations (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is assess in a nutrition assessment
- The px
- The current & prior diet
- The Feeding management
- Repeat as needed
Describe Body weight
- Set scales to read in kg
- Or divide weight in pounds by 2.2
- Use baby scales for cats & small dogs
- Record BW @ every visit & recheck
Describe BCS
- A subjective eval/measurement of body fat mass
- 9 point scale preferred
- Ideal BCS for dogs is 4 or 5/9
- Ideal BCS for cats is 5/9
- BCS not validated for growing puppies & kittens
Describe the characteristics of under BCS, ideal BCS, & over ideal BCS
Each 1 point change on the 1 - 9 scale is estimated @ what of body weight & fat mass
- 10% body weight
- 5% fat mass
Fill out the chart
Answer on slide 13
What is a muscle condition score
- A subjective eval/measurement of body muscle mass
- 4 options: norm (3/3), Mild loss (2/3), Mod loss (1/3), & severe loss (0/3)
- Used to ID & measure cachexia & sarcopenia
What are the diff px lifestages
- Adult maintenance
- Preg/gestation
- Lactation
- Growing
- Working/performance
How do you know the px is heathy
- Bright & Alert
- Good appetite
- Healthy BCS & MCS
- Skin not dry/flaky, no skin lesions, & shiny coat
- Norm or unpalpable lymph nodes
- Eyes remarkable
- Moving/standing evenly/ good mobility
- Formed stool passed w/out difficulty
- Absence of lab parameters outside of the reference interval
How can nutrient req may be expressed as
- Absolute amount
- Diet concentration on a dry matter (DF) or as fed (AF) basis
- Diet concentratioon on a caloric basis
What are dogs & cats fed
- Water
- Commercial pet food, homemade diet, or combo
- Commercial treats
- Fresh or cooked treats/table scraps
- Supplements
- Flavored meds
- Toothpaste
How do you take a diet hx
- Start w/ open ended questions
- Then clarify w/ more close ended questions
How is current food measured
- Is a proper measuring device used for vol
- What is a cup to the owner
- 1 fluid ounce dont not equal 1 ounce of weight
- Feeding by weight is most precise but not commonly prac
How is food offered
- Bowl
- Trough
- Ground
- Pet food/treat toy/puzzle
What question should be asked to know if the pet food selected is safe
- Are you confident that the manufacturer has appropriate quality & food safety
- Bacteria
- Mycotoxins
- Pesticides & herbicides
- Heavy metals
- Contaminants
How do you know if the pet food is nutritious
- All req nutrients present @ appropriate amounts
- Nutrient levels tested in raw materials & finished products
- Digestibility testing
- Feeding trials
What are the two categories for AAFCO Nutrient profile guidelines
Slide 32
What WSAVA questions are asked to pet food companies
- Do they employ nutritionist
- Who formulates the diet
- What is the quality control process for ingredients & finished products
- Will they provide info on requested nutrients
- What kind of product research or nutrition studies have been conducted (is it published in peer-reviewed journals)
What are other resources for pet food selection
- Vet specialist (nutritionist)
- Breeders
- Show owners & handlers
- Lots of opinions out there (not always rooted in scientific evidence)
What are the 3 ways to express energy req
- Basal energy req (BER)
- Resting energy req (RER)
- Daily energy req (DER)
Describe RER
- Expressed as kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per day
- The foundation to which a life stage factor is multi to estimate DER
Describe DER
- Maintenance energy req (MER)
- Different DERs for different life stages (like growth, & work)
- Expressed as kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per day
How is energy content of pet food expressed
Metabolizable energy
What are the different types of energy that can be calculated
- Gross energy = food energy (burnt in bomb calorimeter)
- Digestible energy = gross energy - fecal energy
- Metabolizable energy = digestible energy - urine & gas energy
- Net energy = Metabolizable energy - heat increment (energy lost as heat)
List the modified atwater factors (for ME) for lipids, proteins, & Carbs
- Lipids = 8.5 kcalME/g
- Protein = 3.5 kcal ME/g
- Carbs = 3.5 kcal ME/g
What is the resting energy req (RER) equation
Units = kcal/day
Calculate the following
Calculate the following
How do Is DER calculated
DER = RER x lifestage factor
List the life stage factors from this chart
Calculate the following
Calculate the following
