Lecture 7: Reproduction & Sporting/Working dogs (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is the nutritional goal of gestation
To support both the mother’s health & optimal fetal dev
What is the ideal BCS for a preg bitch
5 - 6/9
What can occur b/c of underfeeding
- decreased fertility
- Underweight bitches have lower % of pregnancies v. bitches @ ideal BCS
- Small litter size
- Low birth weight
- Increased neonatal morbidity & mortality
- Reduced milk yield
- Reduced immunity
- reduced response to vaccination
What can occur b/c of overfeeding
- Reduced fertility
- Increased interestrous interval & anestrus
- Small litter size
- Long term neonatal health consequences
- Mastitis
Higher BMI during first trimester associated w/ what
- Longer gestation
- Lower chance of spontaneous onset of labor @ term
- Increased risk of c section
- Increased risk of still birth
- Increased risk of gestational diabetes
- Infan mortality
- Childhood obesity
How much water is req for gestation/lactation
- > 120 ml/kg BW
- 2 - 3 x high during lactation than maintenance
How much should BW increase from breeding to welping
15 - 25%
How much do the nutrient req increase in dogs
25 - 50 %
When is the latest a gestation/lactation diet should be started for a dog
4 W gestation
How much BW should the queen increase from breeding to queening
15 - 40%
When should gestation/lactation diet be started for a queen
@ Breeding
When do queens eat less in gestation
Late gestation
When at a life stage that is high in energy what should be increased in the diet to increase the density
Fat
Which essential FA is impt for feti/offspring retinal/neuro def
DHA
What can occur in repro if there is non fiber carbs deficiency
- Dam hypoglycemia
- Increased still birth & perinatal
- Decreased mothering behavior
- Decreased milk quality & length of lactation
What can occur w/ hypocalcemia during pregnancy/lactation
- Tetany (eclampsia) in the bitch
- Small breed
- Large litter * Anorexia/hyporexia prior to welpin
What are the risks of overfeeding Ca during preg
If calcium overload occurs during preg their is a great chance the bitch will have hypocalcemia during lactation
What can a folic acid deficiency be associated w/
Cleft palate
What percent of breeders added supplements during gestation/lactation
61%
What food management practices are better for the dam
- Dry food is more energy dense than canned
- Queens can eat enough canned food to meet energy needs
- Multiple small meals during gestation
- Can free feeding in necessary
What can happen if the dam is overfed during lactation
May increase risk of mastitis
How should palatants be used (if there are used) for whelping/queening
- Short term
- Ideally in moderation
- Try different commercial diets & find the one that the dam eats the best
What feed management should be done w/ the dam while weaning the pups
- Reduce intake while reducing time that the puppies/kittens spend w/ the dam
- Separate pups/kittens from dam when offered their own solid food
- The day of weaning begin transition the dam to maintenance diet over ~1 W ( discont free choice)
What are the goals of nutrition for sporting/working dogs
- To provide energy & nutrients for intended activities
- Avoid under/over feeding
- Optimize performance
How do you asses the energy loss in sporting & working dogs
- Diet history & nutritional assessment
- Focus on the type of exercise/activity (intensity, duration, freq, & environment)
What are the nutrients of concern for sporting & working dogs
- Dietary fat (amount & type) often increased compared to typical maintenance diets
- Carbs - sometimes decreased in higher fat diets; sprints/bursts of activity req adequate carb for quick energy
- Protein
How/when should food be offered
- Feed 4 or more before activity
- Offer w/in 2 hours of completion
- If sustained long duration exercise consider small amounts of food or appropriate treats/snack
Describe feeding raw meat to sporting/working dogs
- Can be more digestible (low fiber & less filling)
- Food sa
