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Nutrition > Lecture 27: Goat Nutrition (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Lecture 27: Goat Nutrition (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition:

female goat

A
  • doe
  • nanny
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2
Q

Definition:

intact male goat

A
  • buck
  • billy
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3
Q

Definition:

castrated mal goat

A

wether

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4
Q

Definition:

baby goat

A

kid

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5
Q

What type of breeders are goats

A

seasonal (male enters rut w/ decreased appetite)

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6
Q

Rate of gain in goats is (more/less) in meat goats compared to sheep and cattle

A

less (they do not fatten in same way)

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7
Q

When do Female goats hit puberty at? Males?

A
  • Females: 7 - 10 M
  • Males: 4 to 8 M
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8
Q

For most meat production sheep what should be fed

A
  • high quality forage
  • browse
  • concentrate feeds
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9
Q

Rate of gain for goats is how many lbs per day

A

0.1-0.8 lbs/day

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10
Q

Goats deposit (more/less) fat in the periphery compared to sheep and cattle

A

less ( periphery = SQ fat, more fat in omental areas)

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11
Q

What is important for reproductive success in goats

A

BCS

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12
Q

What can occur if a goat has an inappropriate BCS score (Over or under conditioned)

A
  • decrease twinning rates
  • low weaning rates
  • pregnancy toxemia
  • dystocia’s
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13
Q

What areas should you assess on goats to check body condition score (1-9 scale)

A
  • loin
  • spinous process
  • ribs
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14
Q

Does should not have a BCS over what at kidding

A

7

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15
Q

The body condition score of does should be what at the start of the breeding season and the end of pregnancy

A

5-6

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16
Q

Fill in the ?s

Bucks should not be at less than a BCS of ? or higher than a BCS of ? at start of breeding season

A

Bucks should not be at less than BCS 4 or higher than BCS 7 at start of breeding season

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17
Q

In goats BCS must be assessed along with presence/absence of what

A

PARASITES & disease

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18
Q

Feed in goats remains in the rumen (longer/shorter) than in cattle

A

shorter (fiber not digested as efficiently)

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19
Q

Why can goats use trees and shrubbery(browse) well, why?

A
  • not as much cellulose and lignin (in browse)
  • High in soluble protein
  • Rumen can detoxify tannins (highly selective & will always pick most nutritious parts)
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20
Q

Fill in the ?s

Relative to body weight, goats need about ? the amount of feed as cattle

A

twice (smaller GI track, rate of passage is fast, some feed is not digested completely)

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21
Q

Fill in the ?s

Dry matter intake:
* Mature does maintenance = ? %BW
* Mature does breeding = ? % BW
* Mature bucks maintenance = ? %BW
* Mature bucks pre-breeding = ? %BW

A
  • Doe maintenance: 1.7 to 2.3 %BW
  • Doe breeding: 1.9 to 2.5%
  • Buck Maintenance: 1.7 to 2%
  • Buck pre breeding: 1.9 to 2.5%
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22
Q

T/F goats at maintenance, adequate pasture and browse will usually provide adequate energy and protein

A

True (dry does, non breeding bucks and mature wethers)

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23
Q

Growth, reproduction, lactation, hair production, hilly terrain, cold temperatures (increase/decrease) nutrient requirements

A

increase

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24
Q

Fill in the ?s

Newborn meat goat kids should be given ? colostrum for every 5 lbs BW

25
Should doe kids that are used for replacement be weaned early?
no (separate from weaning and fed high quality forage through their first kidding 1-2 years old)
26
Is flushing done in goats
yes
27
What is the target body weight gain in meat goats
0.25-0.5 lbs/day
28
# **Fill in the ?s** Most goats are finished on **?**
pasture/dry lot
29
Forage for meat goats include
* pasture * hay * silage/haylage * brush
30
Why should you be careful feeding forage like alfalfa to wethers
high calcium (causes a rise in calculi and stones)
31
What Grains are fed to meat goats
* corn * oats * wheat * barley * silage
32
What grain should you be careful to measure in meat goats & why?
* wheat * B/c it is quickly digested
33
Wheat should be no more than what % of the ration
2%
34
What Protein supplements are available for goats
* SBM * distillers/brewers grains * cottonseed
35
What % crude protein should goats be intaking
14-18%
36
Can you supplement minerals through products made for sheep and cows?
NO
37
What is the average DMI in dairy goats
5%
38
# **Goat milk composition is variable upon breeds:** what breed has the highest milk fat (6.4%)? What is the average milk fat?
* Highest milk fat: Nigerian dwarf * Average milk fat: 3.3%
39
# **Dairy goats compared to dairy cows:** Dairy goats have (higher/ lower) retention time and faster turnover rate of digesta
Lower
40
What is the lactation length of dairy goats
305 days (average 200-250)
41
what are the 3 things that affect milk production
* breed * parity * stage of lactation
42
Are goats sensitive to molds and mycotoxins?
YES
43
When should you start adding grain to pregnant does diet
1 month before kidding
44
How many lbs grain/day do you want a dair goat to consume before kidding?how many lbs per day after kidding by 4 weeks post partum? after peak lactation?
* Before kidding: 1.5 lbs/d * 4 W PP: 3lbs/d * After peak lactation: Feed 0.5 lbs grain for every lb of milk over 3 lbs/d
45
is calcium requirements generally met under grazing for most goats?
Yes but ** NOT DURING LACTATION** (feed to meet requirements not ratio)
46
What is the Ca:P ratio for goats
1:1-2:1
47
Phosphorus deficiency is more likely in what goats?
grazing (high in seeds of plants but lower everywhere else)
48
Grass tetany is not common in goats but can occur due to a deficiency in what
magnesium
49
Confined kids or heavily parasitized goats are at risk of what
iron deficiency
50
In goats raised in the southeast what should be supplemented & why
* selenium * selenium deficient or highly variable soil so always check trace mineral supplements
51
Are goats or sheep more tolerable to copper?
goats (kids are sensitive to high copper)
52
Can you use cattle milk replacers for kids? Why not?
no b/c it is higher in copper
53
At the time of kidding what is an appropriate body condition score for the doe
BCS of 6
54
When is pregnancy toxemia more likely to occur
* multiple fetuses * BCS not ideal
55
Urinary calculi is more common in male goats fed what type of diets (water belly) & why?
high grain diets b/c of increased phosphorus
56
What dx is caused by Depressed production of thiamine on high grain low forage diets
polioencephalomalcia
57
What dx is caused by Lack of selenium and or vitamin E
White muscle disease
58
What goats are at risk of milk fever & what causes milk fever
* high producing dairy goats * decreased blood calcium

Nutrition (26 decks)

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