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Anatomy > Lecture 9 - Integument part I > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Integument part I Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered a part of the integument?

A

skin and it’s appendages

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2
Q

What are considered appendages of the skin?

A

Nails, claws, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

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3
Q

What is special about the integument system?

A

Largest organ and continuous with the lining of the mouth, anus, urethra, ears, and eyelids

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4
Q

What are the functions of the integument?

A

barrier for protection, immunologic information, sensory information, excretion, thermoregulation

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the skin?

A

Protection

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6
Q

What are the three skin layers?

A

Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis

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7
Q

What is contained in the hypodermis?

A

loose CT with fat, not an actual part of the skin layers

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8
Q

What is the hypodermis used for?

A

fat storage

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9
Q

What is another name fore the hypodermis?

A

Superficial fascia

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10
Q

What is the rete apparatus?

A

Interdigitiations of epidermal ridges and dermal ridges

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11
Q

What does the rete apparatus do?

A

attach epidermis to dermis

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12
Q

What cell type does the epidermis consist of?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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13
Q

What is the cycle of the epidermis?

A

20-30 days

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14
Q

What are two “types” of skin?

A

thin and thick

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15
Q

What is thick skin’s general characteristics?

A

glabrous, smooth, and non-hairy; lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Why isnt back thick skin?

A

it has fair follicles, the dermis is thick

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17
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palm and soles

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18
Q

How many layers of epidermis does thick skin have?

A

all five

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19
Q

How many layers of epidermis does thin skin have?

A

3-4

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20
Q

What is included in thin skin?

A

Hair follicles, sebaceous, and sweat glands

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21
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis (stratum)?

A

Corneum - Lucidum - Granulosum - Spinosum - Basale

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22
Q

How are keratinocytes arranged throughout the layers of epidermis?

A

They are throughout with different jobs and appearances

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23
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Cells that lie on basement membrane, actively dividing

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24
Q

How often are the cells at the stratum basale renewed?

A

15-30 days (differs with species)

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25
What does a cell at the stratum basale look like?
Large nucleus, abundant free ribosomes,
26
What do the cells at the stratum basale make?
intermediate filaments = keratin
27
What do these keratin filaments make?
tonofilaments
28
What happens to the tonofilaments?
Bundled into tonofibrils in the basale and spinosum
29
What type of adhesion occurs at s. basale?
desmosomes, hemidesmosomes
30
What cell is responsible for skin color?
melanocytes
31
Where are melanocytes located?
stratum basale
32
What is the mitotic activity in s. spinosum?
Cells adjacent to s. basale are active
33
What type of cells are present in the spinosum?
cubodial or slightly flattened
34
What type of cell adhesion occurs in the s. spinosum?
filament-filled cytoplasmic spines and desmosomes
35
What is the name for the spaces between desmosomes?
nodes of bizzozero
36
What type of filaments are in the spines at the s. spinosum?
tonofibrils - numerous bundles
37
Where do these spines terminate?
desmosome
38
What immune cell is in the s. spinosum?
Langerhan cells
39
What is a special characteristic about the s. granulosum?
last layer with nuclei, lysosomal enzymes digest organelles
40
What are two types of granules within s. granulosum?
Keratohyalin and lamellar bodies
41
What is happening to the keratinocytes in s. granulosum?
they come from the s. spinosum and being to flatten
42
What are the characteristics of keratohyalin granules?
intensely basophilic and not surounde by a membrane
43
What are keratohyalin granules made by?
ribosomes
44
What is the function of keratohyalin granules?
associate with tonofibrils and help strengthen them
45
What is the function of lamellar bodies?
discharge lipid rich content, to water proof skin = barrier for foreign substances
46
What produces lamellar bodies?
Golgi apparatus
47
What evolutionary function does the s. granulosum provide?
Adaptation to terrestrial life
48
Where is s. lucidum found?
thick skin only
49
What are the characteristics of the s. lucidium?
no nuclei or organelles, densely packed keratin, clear thin eosinophilic layer
50
What are the layers in the s. corneum?
deep and superficial
51
What adhesions occur in the deep layer of s. corneum?
desmosomes
52
What adhesions occur in the superficial layer of s. corneum?
lose desmosomes and undergo desquamation
53
What is the major characteristics of the s. corneum?
15-20 layers of flat, non-nucleated, keratinized cells with thick membranes and no organelles (more layers in thick skin)
54
What do melanocytes look like?
Rounded cell bodies w/ long irregular extensions between cells of stratum basale and s. spinosum
55
What is the organelle composition in melanocytes?
numerous mitochondria, rER, Golgi
56
What activates melanocytes?
UV light
57
What does the rER make in melanocytes?
precursor to melanin
58
What does the golgi do with the precursor melanin?
packages it into melanosomes
59
What occurs at the tips of melanocytes?
melanosomes travel to here and are pinched off via cytocrine secretion
60
Where is melanin stored?
Keratinocytes
61
What is the pigment donation?
melanin produced in melanocytes but stored in keratinocytes
62
What happens to melanin?
Attacked and degraded by lysosomes of keratinocyte
63
How does the number of melanocytes change between groups?
Same number, distribution and amount of melanin varies
64
What is the origin of melanocytes?
neural crest
65
Where are langerhans cells located?
s. spinosum
66
Where do langerhans cells originate?
bone marrow
67
What is the function of langerhans cells?
APC
68
What are the characteristics of langerhans cells?
irregular nuclei, pale cytoplasm, long slender processes
69
What is a special structure of langerhans cells?
birbeck granules
70
What are birbeck granules?
unknown
71
What is psoriasis?
Greater epidermal thickness w/ rapid renewal of epidermis
72
Where is rapid cell proliferation occur in psoriasis?
s. basale and s. spinosum
73
What happens to keratinocytes in psoriasis?
Accumulate in s. corneum
74
What happens cycle time in psoriasis?
decreases
75
Where does basal cell carcinoma occur?
s. basale
76
What is the growth/placement characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?
slow-growing, most common on nose
77
Is basal cell carcinoma metastatic?
not metastatic

Anatomy (44 decks)

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