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Anatomy > Lecture 37 - Avian anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 37 - Avian anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

What is the composition of avian bone?

A

Light, compact, and strong

Greater calcium phosphate content

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1
Q

How many avian zoonotic disease have been described?

A

15

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2
Q

What is different about the vertebrae of birds?

A

Considerable fusion of the spine

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3
Q

How are the bones modified for air sacs?

A

Pneumatization

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4
Q

What is different about the pelvis in birds?

A

Open ventrally

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5
Q

What are the three regions of the avian spine?

A

Notorium - Synsacrum - Pygostyle

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6
Q

What makes up the notorium?

A

Fusion of T 1-3

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7
Q

What makes up the synsacrum?

A

Fusion of T7, L, S, and C1

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8
Q

What makes up the pygostyle?

A

C 2-5

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9
Q

What are the two major extrinsic flight muscles?

A

Pectoralis
– and –
Supracoracoideus

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10
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis?

A

Pull the wings down

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11
Q

What is the action of the supracoracoideus?

A

Raise the wings

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12
Q

What are the major characteristics of the digestive organs in birds?

A

Relatively small

Highly efficient due to high metabolic rate

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13
Q

What is different about the avian stomach?

A

Crop - esophageal diverticulum

Two chambered stomach

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14
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Digestive, urinary, and reproduction terminus

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15
Q

What is the function of the crop?

A

Food storage
Partial food digestion
Production of crop milk

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16
Q

What is crop milk?

A

Crumbly material made of desquamated lipid-laden epithelial cells mix with ingested food

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17
Q

What is partially digested in the crop?

A

Carbohydrates via amylase

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18
Q

What avians are missing a crop?

A

Owls, gulls, and penguins

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19
Q

What are the two portions of the stomach?

A

Proventriculus

Ventriculus

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20
Q

What is the function of the Proventriculus?

A

Glandular stomach - contains glands that secrete hydrochloric acin and mucous

21
Q

What is the function of the ventriculus?

A

Muscular stomach - contains tubular glands that produce secretion rich in carbohydrates and proteins

22
Q

What is another name for the ventriculus?

23
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?.

A

Normal remnant of yolk sac

24
What is different about the vocal organ in a bird?
Separated from the larynx - syrinx
25
What are the basic characteristics of the avian lung?
Small and dont expand
26
What allows for one way air flow in birds?
Segregation of ventilation and exchange
27
What are the four sacs?
Cervical - Clavicular - Cranial thoracic - Abdominal
28
What is missing from a birds urogenital area?
``` Renal pelvis Bladder Urethra Male accessory glands Right oviduct ```
29
What are the three parts of the male reproductive organs?
Testis Epididymis Deferent duct
30
What produces the seminal fluid in the bird?
Cell lining of the deferent duct | Testes
31
Why is the lymph supply needed for in the phallus?
Tumescence and protrusion
32
What are the two types of penises in avians?
Galliformes - Cloacal kiss | Anseriformes - protrusible
33
What are the five portions of the female repro-tract?
``` Infundibulum Magnum Isthmus Uterus Vagina ```
34
What is the function of the infundibulum?
Receives ovum Conveys and stores sperm Fertilization Chalaziferous layer
35
What is the function of the magnum?
Conveys sperm | Secretes albumen, Na, Ca, and Mg
36
What is the function of the isthmus?
Conveys sperm Secretes albumen Produces the shell membranes
37
What is the function of the uterus?
Convey sperm Secrete watery albumen Deposit shell and cuticle
38
What is the function of the vagina?
Egg expulsion Convey sperm Receives sperm
39
How long and how much time is spend in the infundibulum?
7 cm | 15 min
40
How long and how much time is spend in the magnum?
30 cm | 3 hr
41
How long and how much time is spend in the Isthmus?
8 cm | 1 hr
42
How long and how much time is spend in the uterus?
8 cm | 20 hr
43
How long and how much time is spend in the vagina?
7 cm | ~1 min
44
What is different about the vascular system of avians?
Presence of pectoral trunk Different terminal branching of aorta 2 cranial vena cava, jugular anastomosis, and renal portal vein
45
What are the big lymphatic organs?
BALT -- and -- GALT
46
Where is balt?
Bronchi and lungs
47
Where is GALT?
Liver - Intestines - Pancreas - Kidney
48
What lymphatic organ is in the colo-rectal area?
Cecal tonsil
49
What produces B cells in the bird?
Colacal bursa

Anatomy (44 decks)

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