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Anatomy > Lecture 19 - Nervous system of the head > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Nervous system of the head Flashcards

1
Q

What type of brain/head does a chordate have?

A

No skull or brain

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2
Q

What type of brain/head does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Skull and tripartite brain

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3
Q

What type of respiratory system does a chordate have?

A

Non-muscular pharynx and water moved by cilia

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4
Q

What type of respiratory system does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Muscular pharynx and water moved by muscles

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5
Q

What type of digestive system does a chordate have?

A

Ciliated gut action and intracellular digestion

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6
Q

What type of digestive system does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Peristaltic muscular gut

Extracellular digestion

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7
Q

What type of circulation system does a chordate have?

A

Contracting vessels

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8
Q

What type of circulation system does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Pumping heart, blood transport, gases and RBC’s

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9
Q

What type of osmoregulatory system does a chordate have?

A

Passive coelomic feeding

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10
Q

What type of osmoregulatory system does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Glomerular kidney

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11
Q

What type of locomotion does a chordate have?

A

Notochord main support / simple myomeres

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12
Q

What type of locomotion does a primitive vertebrate have?

A

Vertebral main support, complex (W) myomeres

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13
Q

What are the things that developed that separated craniatas from the rest of the craniatas?

A

Pharyngeal system, cranium, paired sensory organs, neural crest, and tripartite brain

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14
Q

What is the fundamental vertebrate adaptation?

A

HEAD

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15
Q

What does a head require?

A

A neural crest

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the epiblast?

A

Endoderm - Mesoderm - Ectoderm

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17
Q

What is the “head” derived from?

A

Ectoderm

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18
Q

What all derives from the ectoderm?

A

CNS, PNS, epidermis, and CT of the head

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19
Q

What day does neurulation begin?

A

day 17

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20
Q

Where is the notochord located?

A

Mesoderm

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21
Q

What does the notochord induce?

A

Ectoderm to form neural plate

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22
Q

What does the neural plate become?

A

Neural groove – Neural tube

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23
Q

What does the neural tube form?

A

CNS

24
Q

Where does the neural crest rise from?

A

Ectoderm near the neural tube

25
Q

What does the neural crest form?

A

PNS and other structures

26
Q

What three embryonic structures are unique to vertebrates?

A

Neural crest, neurogenic placodes, and muscularized hypomere

27
Q

What is the hypomere?

A

Part of the myotome that forms muscles of the body wall and is innervated by a branch of the spinal nerve

28
Q

Where do some sensory neurons derive from?

A

Neural crest

29
Q

What so the sensory neuron from the neural crest do?

A

Provide critical information of muscle contraction and wide range of crest-derived exteroreceptors

30
Q

What do the sensory receptors of the neural crest sense?

A

Temperature and tactile stimuli

31
Q

What are the sense organs developed from?

A

Neurogenic/ectodermal placodes

32
Q

What do the ectodermal placodes + neural crest form?

A

Sensory ganglia for CN’s V, VII, IX, and X

33
Q

What is the pattern of head innervation based on?

A

gill arches

34
Q

Where are two places in the brain that the CN’s come from?

A

Cortex/cerebrum
– and –
Brainstem

35
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

36
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory

37
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic

38
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor

39
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

40
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal

41
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducent

42
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial

43
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

44
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

45
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

46
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory

47
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

48
Q

What CN’s carry PNS?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

49
Q

What does CN III do alone?

A

Constrict the pupil

50
Q

What does CN VII do alone?

A

Innervate secretory cells for saliva, tear, and mucus production

51
Q

What does CN IX do alone?

A

Innervate secretory for saliva production

52
Q

What does CN X do alone?

A

Innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs

53
Q

What does CN III, VII, and IX innervate together?

A

Specially named parasympathetic ganglia

54
Q

What CN’s partake in SNS of the head?

A

None, the body innervates the head

55
Q

What does the SNS do in the head?

A

Dilate the pupils and constrict arteries

Anatomy (44 decks)

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