Lecture 19 - Nervous system of the head

Question 1

What type of brain/head does a chordate have?

Answer 1

No skull or brain

Question 2

What type of brain/head does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 2

Skull and tripartite brain

Question 3

What type of respiratory system does a chordate have?

Answer 3

Non-muscular pharynx and water moved by cilia

Question 4

What type of respiratory system does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 4

Muscular pharynx and water moved by muscles

Question 5

What type of digestive system does a chordate have?

Answer 5

Ciliated gut action and intracellular digestion

Question 6

What type of digestive system does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 6

Peristaltic muscular gut

Extracellular digestion

Question 7

What type of circulation system does a chordate have?

Answer 7

Contracting vessels

Question 8

What type of circulation system does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 8

Pumping heart, blood transport, gases and RBC’s

Question 9

What type of osmoregulatory system does a chordate have?

Answer 9

Passive coelomic feeding

Question 10

What type of osmoregulatory system does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 10

Glomerular kidney

Question 11

What type of locomotion does a chordate have?

Answer 11

Notochord main support / simple myomeres

Question 12

What type of locomotion does a primitive vertebrate have?

Answer 12

Vertebral main support, complex (W) myomeres

Question 13

What are the things that developed that separated craniatas from the rest of the craniatas?

Answer 13

Pharyngeal system, cranium, paired sensory organs, neural crest, and tripartite brain

Question 14

What is the fundamental vertebrate adaptation?

Answer 14

HEAD

Question 15

What does a head require?

Answer 15

A neural crest

Question 16

What are the three layers of the epiblast?

Answer 16

Endoderm - Mesoderm - Ectoderm

Question 17

What is the “head” derived from?

Answer 17

Ectoderm

Question 18

What all derives from the ectoderm?

Answer 18

CNS, PNS, epidermis, and CT of the head

Question 19

What day does neurulation begin?

Answer 19

day 17

Question 20

Where is the notochord located?

Answer 20

Mesoderm

Question 21

What does the notochord induce?

Answer 21

Ectoderm to form neural plate

Question 22

What does the neural plate become?

Answer 22

Neural groove – Neural tube

Question 23

What does the neural tube form?

Answer 23

CNS

Question 24

Where does the neural crest rise from?

Answer 24

Ectoderm near the neural tube

Question 25

What does the neural crest form?

Answer 25

PNS and other structures

Question 26

What three embryonic structures are unique to vertebrates?

Answer 26

Neural crest, neurogenic placodes, and muscularized hypomere

Question 27

What is the hypomere?

Answer 27

Part of the myotome that forms muscles of the body wall and is innervated by a branch of the spinal nerve

Question 28

Where do some sensory neurons derive from?

Answer 28

Neural crest

Question 29

What so the sensory neuron from the neural crest do?

Answer 29

Provide critical information of muscle contraction and wide range of crest-derived exteroreceptors

Question 30

What do the sensory receptors of the neural crest sense?

Answer 30

Temperature and tactile stimuli

Question 31

What are the sense organs developed from?

Answer 31

Neurogenic/ectodermal placodes

Question 32

What do the ectodermal placodes + neural crest form?

Answer 32

Sensory ganglia for CN's V, VII, IX, and X

Question 33

What is the pattern of head innervation based on?

Answer 33

gill arches

Question 34

Where are two places in the brain that the CN's come from?

Answer 34

Cortex/cerebrum -- and -- Brainstem

Question 35

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 35

12

Question 36

What is CN I?

Answer 36

Olfactory

Question 37

What is CN II?

Answer 37

Optic

Question 38

What is CN III?

Answer 38

Oculomotor

Question 39

What is CN IV?

Answer 39

Trochlear

Question 40

What is CN V?

Answer 40

Trigeminal

Question 41

What is CN VI?

Answer 41

Abducent

Question 42

What is CN VII?

Answer 42

Facial

Question 43

What is CN VIII?

Answer 43

Vestibulocochlear

Question 44

What is CN IX?

Answer 44

Glossopharyngeal

Question 45

What is CN X?

Answer 45

Vagus

Question 46

What is CN XI?

Answer 46

Accessory

Question 47

What is CN XII?

Answer 47

Hypoglossal

Question 48

What CN's carry PNS?

Answer 48

III, VII, IX, and X

Question 49

What does CN III do alone?

Answer 49

Constrict the pupil

Question 50

What does CN VII do alone?

Answer 50

Innervate secretory cells for saliva, tear, and mucus production

Question 51

What does CN IX do alone?

Answer 51

Innervate secretory for saliva production

Question 52

What does CN X do alone?

Answer 52

Innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 53

What does CN III, VII, and IX innervate together?

Answer 53

Specially named parasympathetic ganglia

Question 54

What CN's partake in SNS of the head?

Answer 54

None, the body innervates the head

Question 55

What does the SNS do in the head?

Answer 55

Dilate the pupils and constrict arteries