Lecture 4 - Pectoral girdle

Question 1

What part of the skeleton make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

Coracoid, scapula, and clavicle

Question 2

What part of the skeleton makes up the brachium?

Answer 2

Humerus

Question 3

What part of the skeleton makes up the ante brachium?

Answer 3

Radius and ulna

Question 4

What part of the skeleton makes up the carpus?

Answer 4

carpal bones

Question 5

What part of the skeleton makes up the metacarpus?

Answer 5

metacarpal bones

Question 6

What part of the skeleton makes up the digits?

Answer 6

Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

Question 7

Cingulum

Answer 7

shoulder

Question 8

Stylopodium

Answer 8

brachium

Question 9

Zeugopodium

Answer 9

antebrachium

Question 10

Autopodium

Answer 10

manus

Question 11

Basipodium

Answer 11

carpus

Question 12

Metapodium

Answer 12

metacarpus

Question 13

Acropodium

Answer 13

digit

Question 14

What animals have complete pectoral girdles?

Answer 14

reptiles, birds, and monotremes

Question 15

What is the structure of the pectoral girdle in MOST animals?

Answer 15

coracoid is reduced to a coracoid process

Question 16

What is the clavicle like in cursorial quadrupedal mammals?

Answer 16

reduced or absent , no bony attachment of limb to pelvis

Question 17

What is different about the scapula in a horse?

Answer 17

Dorsal aspect is extended by cartilage
Spine does not terminate at acromion process
Tuber spinae

Question 18

What is the tuber spinae?

Answer 18

Thickened middle portion of the spine

Question 19

What goes through the supracondylar foramen?

Answer 19

Brachial artery and medial nerve

Question 20

What is different about the humerus of the horse?

Answer 20

Greater tubercle - cranial and caudal portion

Intermediate tubercle

Question 21

Why is the shoulder joint in domestic animals restricted?

Answer 21

Due to the extensive muscling around the joint

Question 22

In what way is the shoulder joint in domestic animals restricted?

Answer 22

sagittal excursions

Question 23

What bony parts are in the glena-humeral joint?

Answer 23

head of humerus, gleaned of scapular

Question 24

What cartilage structure helps support the gleno-hemeral joint?

Answer 24

labrum

Question 25

Why does the shoulder joint have to be supported by muscles and tendons?

Answer 25

lacks collaeral ligaments

Question 26

What can the synovial fuss be confused with?

Answer 26

lesions on the cartilage

Question 27

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

Answer 27

ventral rami of C6-T2 (variations of C5-T1)

Question 28

What are the nerves of the BP that go to the extrinsic limb muscles?

Answer 28

Cranial pectoral, long thoracic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, and caudal pectoral

Question 29

What nerve contributes to the long thoracic?

Answer 29

C7

Question 30

What muscle does the long thoracic n. innervate?

Answer 30

Serratus ventralis

Question 31

What nerve contributes to the thoracodorsal n.?

Answer 31

C8

Question 32

What muscle does the throacodorsal n.?

Answer 32

Latissimus dorsi

Question 33

What nerve contributes to the lateral thoracic n.?

Answer 33

T1

Question 34

What muscle does the lateral thoracic n. innervate?

Answer 34

Cutaneous trunci

Question 35

What nerve contributes to cranial/caudal pectoral n.?

Answer 35

T1

Question 36

What muscle does cranial/caudal pectoral n. innervate?

Answer 36

Pectoral mm.

Question 37

What arteries come off the brachiocephalic trunk in the dog?

Answer 37

right subclavian a. | common carotid aa. (off short bicarotid trunk)

Question 38

What branches off the aorta in dogs?

Answer 38

Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian a.

Question 39

What arteries supply the shoulder?

Answer 39

Superficial cervial a., suprascapular a., and subscapular a.

Question 40

What do the muscles of the pectoral girdle do?

Answer 40

1) suspend the thorax 2) stabilize the shoulder 3) move the limb

Question 41

In what directions does the scapula move?

Answer 41

cranial-caudal dorsal-ventral rotatory manner

Question 42

What movement advances the limb?

Answer 42

rotation that moves glenoid cranially

Question 43

What movement retracts the limb?

Answer 43

rotation that moves glenoid more ventrally

Question 44

What are the parts of the rhomboideus?

Answer 44

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

Question 45

What are the parts of the serrates ventralis?

Answer 45

thoracis and cervicis

Question 46

What muscle do horses have that dogs don't?

Answer 46

Subclavius

Question 47

What are the extrinsic shoulder muscles?

Answer 47

Omotransversarius, trapezius, brachiocephalicus, rhomboideus, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis profundus, subclavius (horse) Serratus ventralis

Question 48

What are the muscles of the thorax?

Answer 48

Superficial pectoral m., Deep pectoral m.,

Question 49

What makes up the synarcosis in the shoulder?

Answer 49

pectoralis profundus and pelvic girdle muscles

Question 50

What is a synarcosis?

Answer 50

union of parts of the skeleton via muscles

Question 51

Whats makes the muscular supportive sling present in horses and cattle?

Answer 51

Serratus ventralis and pectoralis profundus

Question 52

What does this muscular sling do?

Answer 52

Transmit weight of head, neck and cranial part of trunk to forelimbs Prevent thorax from collapsing

Question 53

What does the pectoral girdle do in regards to the scapula?

Answer 53

Stabilize it against external forces

Question 54

What is an external force that harms the scapula?

Answer 54

force of landing after jumping or pouncing can cause displacement or rotation of the scapula

Question 55

What is a rupture of the serratus ventralis?

Answer 55

severe trama to neck and withers where serratus ventralis attaches

Question 56

What is the progonosis of a serratus ventralis rupture?

Answer 56

Rarely see a full recovery | Surgery or euthanize