Lecture 13 - Thigh and stifle Flashcards
What are the gluteal muscles?
TFL, GI. M, GI. S, and GI P.
What is the main function of the gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?
Extend and abduct hip. Tensorfasciae latae
What nerve(s) innervate the gluteal muscles?
Cranial and caudal gluteal nn.
What are the deep gluteal muscles?
Obt. Int and Ext., Gemelli, and Quadratus femoris
What is the main function of the deep gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?
Laterally rotate the hip. Obt. externus
What nerve innervates the deep gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?
Sciatic n. Obt. externus.
What are the Caudal thigh muscles?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
What is the main function of the caudal thigh muscles?
extend hip; flex stifle
What nerve innervates the caudal thigh muscles?
Sciatic n.
What muscles are the medial thigh muscles?
Sartorius, pectineus, adductor, gracilis
What is the main function of the medial thigh muscles?
Adduct limb at hip
What is the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles? What muscles is the exception?
Obturator n. Sartorius.
What are the two muscle compartments that move the stifle?
medial and lateral
What muscles are in the medial muscles act on the knee?
Sartorius and gracilis
What does sartorius do to the knee?
Cranial - extend stifle
Caudal - flex stifle
What does gracilis do to the knee?
Flex stifle
What lateral muscles act on the knee?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
What does biceps femoris do to the knee?
Extend stifle
Caudal - Flex stifle
What does semitendinosus do to the knee?
Flex stiffle
What does semimembranosus do to the knee?
Femur attachment - extends stifle
Tibia attachment - extends or flexes stifle
What muscles are in the cranial comparment?
Quadricpes femoris and iliopsoas
What are the four parts of the quadricpes femoris?
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, v. lateralis, and v. intermedius
What does the tendon of the popliteus do?
Crosses into the stifle joint cap.
What are the joints that make up the stifle joint?
femorotibial, femorpatellar, and proximal tibofibular joints
Where is the sesamoid bone in the dog?
Popliteus muscle
What in the dog is also included in the stifle?
Femorofabellar joint and tibia/sesamoid connect
What are the two meniscii?
Medial and lateral
What are meniscii?
Fibrocartilage discs, semilunar in shape
What is the function of the meniscii?
Stabilize movement of round femoral condyles on flat tibial condyles
How does the patellar ligament support the stifle?
cranially
How does the medial collateral ligament support the stifle?
medially
How does the lateral collateral ligament support the stifle?
laterally
How does the caudal cruciate ligament support the stifle?
prevents caudal slip of the tibia
How does the cranial cruciate ligament support the stifle?
prevents the cranial slip of the tibia
How does the meniscofemoral ligament support the stifle?
Stabilizes the menisci
What are the main movements of the stifle?
flexion and extension
What is special about the stifles of cats and dogs?
have some translational mobility and rotation along long axis of tibia
What happens to the lateral collateral ligament when stifle flexed?
Ligaments loosen
What does a loose lateral collateral ligament allow?
Internal rotation of the tibia on the femur
What do the cruciate ligaments do with the stifle is flexed?
Twist on each other to limit internal rotation
Why do horses need specializations in their stiffle?
Passive stay aparatus
What are the three specializations that occur in the horses knee?
1) Enlarged medial epicondylar ridge
2) Two surfaces on trochlear surface
3) Patella is diamond shaped
What are the surfaces on the trochlea in the horse’s knee?
Gliding and resting surface
What direction is the horse’s patella extended and by what?
Medially, by the patellar fibrocartilage
What does the caudal facing portion of the patella do in the horse?
Larger, engages gliding surface of trochlea
What does the cranial facing portion of the patella do in the horse?
Narrow, engages resting surface of trochlea with full extension
What is the difference in the patellar ligament in the horse?
there is a intermediate, lateral, and medial ligament
What is the origin of the femoral n.?
L4-6 spinal nn.
What muscles does the femoral n. innervate?
iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
What muscle does the femoral nerve first pass through?
Psoas major
What does the femoral nerve pass through before getting to the thigh?
Between dorsocaudal corner of flank and iliopsoas muscle
Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?
Between sartorius and pectineus
What does the femoral n. travel with?
external iliac a. and v.
What branches off the femoral n.?
Saphenous n.
What does the saphenous n. do?
sensory to medial leg and tarsus
