Lecture 11 - Hoof

Question 1

What are perissodactlys?

Answer 1

odd-toed ungulates

Question 2

What are artiodactlys?

Answer 2

even-toed ungulates

Question 3

What animal is an odd-toed?

Answer 3

Equine

Question 4

What animal is an even-toed?

Answer 4

Bovine, carpine, swine, and ovine

Question 5

What is the hoof a form of?

Answer 5

Highly specialized skin

Question 6

How is the hoof formed?

Answer 6

Cornification of the entire integument at distal end of the limb

Question 7

Why have these animals adapted hooves?

Answer 7

Due to being weight bearing on one or two digits, hoof made to handle force

Question 8

What does the hoof capsule equate too?

Answer 8

Epidermis

Question 9

What does the corium equate to?

Answer 9

Dermis

Question 10

What is the corium?

Answer 10

Modified dermis, continuous with dermis skin

Question 11

What is the function of the corium?

Answer 11

Provide physical and nutritional support to the hoof capsule

Question 12

What are the layers in the hoof wall?

Answer 12

Stratum externum, outer s. medium, inner s. medium, s. internum

Question 13

What is each wall paired with?

Answer 13

A corium

Question 14

What wall layer does the perioplic corium provide for?

Answer 14

S. externum

Question 15

What wall layer does the coronary corium provide for?

Answer 15

Medium layers

Question 16

What wall layer does the laminar corium provide for?

Answer 16

S. internum

Question 17

What coriums are papillary coriums?

Answer 17

perioplic and coronary

Question 18

What do papillary coriums do?

Answer 18

Associate with regions that produce new hoof

Question 19

Where is the s. basal located? (what regions?)

Answer 19

Papillae and inter-papillary

Question 20

What do s. basal at the papillae region produce?

Answer 20

Tubular hoof

Question 21

What do s. basal at the inter-papillary regions produce?

Answer 21

intertubular hoof

Question 22

What can keratin be stained with to see?

Answer 22

Rhomadine + ve

Question 23

What stratum layer is keratinized?

Answer 23

s. corneum

Question 24

What does the laminar corium interlock with?

Answer 24

epidermal lamellae

Question 25

Where does this occur?

Answer 25

hoof capsule

Question 26

What is the function of the interlocking of the laminar corium and the epi. lamellae?

Answer 26

suspend distal phalanx

Question 27

What two other layers does the laminar corium attach to?

Answer 27

Periosteum of PIII | Perichondrium of lateral cartilages

Question 28

What is another name for dermal lamellae?

Answer 28

Modified papillae

Question 29

What is the function of secondary lamella?

Answer 29

increase surface area for attachment

Question 30

What two types of secondary lamellae are there?

Answer 30

dermal and epidermal

Question 31

What type of corium is the sole and frog?

Answer 31

papillary corium

Question 32

What is the papillary corium associated with (function-wise)?

Answer 32

Regions responsible for distal hoof growth

Question 33

Where do the coriums attach?

Answer 33

Periosteum of PIII and capsule of digital cushion

Question 34

What is the zona alba?

Answer 34

point where papillar corium of sole replace laminar corium and different wall strata

Question 35

What is another name for the papillary corium?

Answer 35

terminal papillae

Question 36

What are the layers of the zona alba?

Answer 36

S. internum and I.S. medium

Question 37

Which layer of zona alba is keritanized?

Answer 37

I.S. Medium

Question 38

What layer represents the white line at the zona alba?

Answer 38

I.S. medium, deepest non-alive layer

Question 39

What layers do horse shoe nails go through?

Answer 39

I.S. medium, O.S. medium, and S. Externum

Question 40

In what direction is hoof growth?

Answer 40

Downwards to replace hoof lost via floor contact

Question 41

What causes the downward hoof growth?

Answer 41

in the papillary corium the s. basal makes new hoof and pushes it down ward

Question 42

What are the lamellar remodeling enzymes?

Answer 42

MMP and TIMP

Question 43

What does MMP do?

Answer 43

digest laminin and collagen

Question 44

What does TIMP do?

Answer 44

inhibit MMP

Question 45

What is different about an artiodactly hoof?

Answer 45

``` No frog More of a foot pad Reduced sole No bars Wall extends axially ```

Question 46

What is different about the lamellae in the epidermal and dermal regions?

Answer 46

no secondary lamellae

Question 47

What does the lack of secondary lamellae mean?

Answer 47

Not as strong interlocking, weaker

Question 48

What replaces the frog corium in artiodactyl?

Answer 48

Footpad corium

Question 49

What is the footpad corium continuous with?

Answer 49

Sole corium

Question 50

What is the digital cushion made of?

Answer 50

Fat and fibroelastic tissue

Question 51

What extra appendage do artiodactyls have?

Answer 51

Dewclaws, mini-hooves of accessory fingers

Question 52

What "apparatus" are ungulates highly dependent on in their hooves, that can be the cause of laminitis?

Answer 52

Lamellar distal phalangeal suspensory apparatus