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LEC 17: GI tract motility Flashcards

1
Q

How do horses carry out food prehension?

A

Rip w/ teeth
– and–
Manipulate with lips

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2
Q

How do cattle carry out food prehension?

A

Rip w/ hard palate and lower teeth
– and –
Manipulate w/ tongue

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3
Q

How do carnivores carry out food prehension?

A

Cut w/ incisors
— and –
Rip w/ canines

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4
Q

What are the three stages of swallowing?

A

Voluntary - Pharyngeal - Esophageal

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5
Q

What happens in the voluntary phase of swallowing?

A

Bolus to back of oral cavity

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6
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

Oral cavity to esophagus

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7
Q

What happens in the Esophageal phase of swallowing?

A

Food to stomach

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8
Q

What are the three types of motility?

A

Propulsive - Retentive - Mixing

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9
Q

How does propulsion increasing affect transit time?

A

Decreases

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10
Q

What is the stimulus for peristalsis?

A

Distension

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11
Q

What is happening behind the bolus of food?

A

Longitudinal muscles - relax

Circular muscles - contract

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12
Q

What is happening around the bolus of food?

A

Longitudinal muscles - contract

Circular muscles - relax

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13
Q

Where does the sensory from the GI tract transmit to?

A

Dorsal vagal complex

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14
Q

What does the dorsal vagal complex activate?

A

Somatic
– and –
Vagal

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15
Q

What do the cranial and caudal sphincters do?

A

Prevent food and air to enter the esophagus

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16
Q

What causes orad contraction?

A

ACh

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17
Q

What causes caudad distension?

A

NO

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18
Q

What do the vagal efferents act on?

A

Myenteric nerves

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19
Q

What does myastenia gravis cause?

A

Ab’s block/alter/destroy Ach receptors

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20
Q

What is the major characteristic of the LES?

A

Myogenic, tonic contraction – independent of neural input increases if stretched

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21
Q

What can increase LES contraction?

A

ACh - Gastrin - NOR

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22
Q

What can decrease LES contraction?

A

NO

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23
Q

What are the origin of electrical activity in the GI tract?

A

ICC

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24
Q

What do the gap junction btwn the SM and ICC allow for?

A

Contractions can occur together

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25
What does the basal electric rhythm of ICC allow for?
Nothing; not strong enough to start AP; only set timing
26
What direction do ICC waves move in?
Aboral direction
27
What is the rate of an ICC wave in the SI of a dog?
~20/min
28
What induces the PM depolarization in ICC?
Cytosolic Ca2+ oscillators
29
What is the GI motility modulated by?
ANS
30
What is the direct effect of ENS on the ICC?
Contration --> via voltage change through gap junction
31
How do ICC waves become contractions?
Factors that cause depolarization or hyperpolarization
32
What are depolarizing factors of the ICC?
Stretching -- ACh/Substance P -- PNS - GI hormones
33
How is Gi contraction supressed?
SNS (via NOR) -- and-- VIP/NO
34
What is the frequency of the slow waves in the stomach?
3-5m
35
What is the frequency of the slow waves in the SI?
10-20m
36
What is the frequency of the slow waves in the colon?
6-8m
37
What is the function of the fundus?
Storage
38
What is the function of the antrum?
Grinding -- and -- Sieving
39
What is the adaptive reflex?
Reflexive response of proximal region to food entering stomach
40
What does vagal stimulation cause in the stomach?
Proximal region: Suppresses contraction | Distal region: Stimulates peristalsis
41
What is the motility like in the antrum?
Intense slow wave activty and contraction
42
What is the motility like in the body?
Strong waves of peristalsis from body to pylorus
43
What does gastrin do?
Stimulate motility -- and -- Gastric acid secretion
44
What is the limiting factor of motility in the stomach?
Digestion and absorption in the SI
45
What slows emptying in the stomach?
Low pH in duodenum -- and -- High fat in stomach
46
What is secreted in response to fat and low pH?
CCK -- and -- Secretin
47
What does CCK do?
Inhibits antrum motility
48
What stimulates CCK secretion?
Fat
49
What does Secretin do?
Inhibits antrum motility
50
What stimulates secretin secretion?
low pH
51
What does duodenal distension cause?
Inhibition of stomach motility
52
What is the interdigestive motility complex?
Relaxtion of pylorus w/ strong waves of peristalsis through stomach
53
What is the point of the interdigestive motility complex?
Force out anything in stomach
54
When do interdigestive motility complexes occur?
once an hour
55
What two major things are involved in vomiting?
Motility of the GI tract -- and -- Pressure regulation in abdomen and thorax
56
Where is the vomiting center?
Reticular formation in the medulla
57
What are the four things that input into the vomiting center?
Higher center - Vestibular app. - Vagal afferent - CRTZ
58
What does the high center sense?
Trauma - Intracranial pressure
59
What does the vestibular apparatus sense?
Motion sickness
60
What does the vagal afferent fibers sense?
Peritoneum - Bile ducts - Heart
61
What does the CRTZ sense?
blood borne - Drugs - Toxins
62
What are the two phases of the digestive period?
Nonpropulsive -- and -- Propulsive
63
What is the MMC?
Migrating motility complex
64
What doe the MMC do?
Strong contractions, entire SI | Forceful emptying of SI
65
What are the motility patterns of the large intestines?
Segmentation -- Retropulsion -- Propulsion
66
What does the colonic pacemaker do?
Antiperistaltic motility -- shift site of pacemaker
67
What is the rectospincteric reflex?
Feces enters rectum - Internal sphincter relaxes - Rectal walls contraction
68
What voluntary structure can stop the rectosphincteric reflex?
External anal sphichter
69
Where does the PNS control of the sphincter originate?
Sacral spinal cord
70
What is the stimulus/response of the orthocolic reflec?
Stimulus: Standing up Response: Increased colonic motility/mass movemetn
71
What occurs with the fear-stress induced defecation?
Fear - CRH - Activates PNS - Enhance colonic motility
72
What is the stimulus/response to the gastrocolic reflex?
Stimulus: Full stomach Response: Increase colonic motility --> fills rectum
73
What is the stimulus/response enterogastric reflex?
Stimulus: Digesta in the duodenum Response: inhibition of gastric emptying
74
What is the stimulus/response of the coloileal reflex?
Stimulus: Full colon Response: Inhibition of ileum emptying
75
What is the stimulus/response of the ileogastric reflex?
Stimulus: Full ileum Response: Inhibition of gastric emptying

Anatomy (44 decks)

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