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Anatomy > Lecture 23 - Face and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Face and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

What do the parotid glands lay caudal to?

A

Masseter and temporomandibular join, will expand cranially over masseter

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2
Q

What are the parotid glands associated with dorsally?

A

External auditory meatus and base of ear

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3
Q

What part of the vertebrae does the parotid gland associated with?

A

Wing of the atlas

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4
Q

What is the ventral limit of the parotid gland in dogs?

A

Maxillary vein

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5
Q

What is the ventral limit of the parotid gland in equine?

A

Convergence of maxillary and linguofacial veins

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6
Q

What does the facial n. pass out of?

A

Stylomastoid foramen and ramifies with the gland

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7
Q

What procedure can commonly cause harm to the parotid gland?

A

Ventral displacement when working with the external auditory meatus of the dog

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8
Q

What is the blood supply of the parotid gland?

A

Parotid artery

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9
Q

What is the parotid artery a branch of in dogs?

A

External Carotid a.

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10
Q

What is the parotid artery a branch of in horses?

A

Common carotid a.

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11
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland, in most animals?

A

Serous gland

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12
Q

What is different about the dog’s parotid gland?

A

Seromucous gland

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13
Q

What is the general function of the parotid gland?

A

Moistening and softening food

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14
Q

What is the path of the parotid duct in dogs?

A

Crosses the lateral surface of the masseter, shorter and less protected

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15
Q

Where does the parotid duct of a dog enter into the mouth?

A

Vestibule of the mouth opposite of the fourth upper premolar

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16
Q

What is the path of the parotid duct in larger domestic animals?

A

Medial to the angle of the jaw and winds below the mandible, longer more protected route

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17
Q

Where does the parotid duct enter in the mouth of a larger domestic animal?

A

Along rostral margin of the masseter

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18
Q

What are the subdivisions of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Deep and superficial

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19
Q

What are the deep division of muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Scattered, muscles that act on hyoid, stapedius, part of digastric

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20
Q

What are the superficial division of muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Cutaneous muscles of face and head, muscles that move lips, eyelids, external ear, nostrils, and cheeks

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21
Q

What are the four branches of the facial nerve? (dorsal to ventral)

A

Auriculopalpebral - Dorsal buccal branch - Ventral buccal branch - Cervical branch

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22
Q

How many layers are there in the superfical division of facial muscles?

A

Three

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the superficial division of the facial muscle derived from?

A

Deep sphincter in the neck

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24
Q

What is the outermost superficial layer of the facial muscles?

A

Missing in most domestic animals

Spincter colli in the DOG is remnant

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25
Q

What is the middle superficial layer of facial muscles?

A

Platysma

26
Q

What is the deep superficial layer of facial muscles?

A

Origin of most muscles of facial expression

27
Q

What are the seven prinicipal muscles of the lips and cheeks?

A 
Orbicularis oris 
Caninus 
Levator nasolabialis 
Levator labii superiorsis 
Buccinator 
Depressor labii inferioris
28
Q

What is the location of the obicularis oris?

A

Surrounds the mouth opening and is closely attached to skin and mucosa of the lip

29
Q

What is the function of the obicularis oris?

A

Closes the opening of the mouth by pursing lips - important to sucking

30
Q

What is the location of the canius?

A

Arises ventral to infraorbital foramen and radiates into the wing of the nostril and upper lip

31
Q

What is the function of the caninus?

A

Dilates the nostril and elevates the corner of the mouth

Snarling in dogs

32
Q

What is the location of the levator nasolabialis?

A

Arises over the dorsum of the nose and inserts on the wing of the nostril and lateral part of the upper lip

33
Q

What does the levator nasolabialis do?

A

Dilate the nostril and to elevate and retract the upper lip

34
Q

What is the location of the levator labii superoris?

A

Arises on the lateral aspect of the face

Runs dorsorostrally, forms with its fellow a common tendon that interests into the lip between the nostrils

35
Q

What is the function of the levator labii superoris?

A

Elevate medial part of the upper lip

36
Q

What is the flehman response?

A

Elevation of the nostrils to allow pheromones or other chemical cues to enter vomeronasal organ

37
Q

What is another name for the vomeronasal?

A

jacobson’s organ

38
Q

What is the behavioral reason’s for the flehman response?

A

Territorial or sexual behavior

39
Q

What is the location of the buccinator?

A

Passes between the margins of upper and lower jaws, partly covered by masseter, forms basis of the cheeks

40
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A

Acts in opposition to tongue preventing food from collecting in vestibule by returning it to the central cavity of the mouth

41
Q

What gland does the buccinator associate with?

A

Buccal salivary gland

42
Q

What does the buccinator do in regards to the salivary gland?

A

Discharging secretions into the mouth, glands scattered amoung fascicles of Buccinator

43
Q

What muscle is the lips and cheeks is present in horses but NOT dogs and cats?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

44
Q

Where is the depressor labii inferioris present?

A

Lower lip

45
Q

What muscle is the labii inferioris associate with?

A

Buccinator

46
Q

What are the muscles of the eyelid?

A

Obicularis oculi, Levator/retractor anguli oculi medialis/lateralis, and malaris

47
Q

What is location of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Surrounds the palpebral fissue

Anchored at the medial and lateral commissures

48
Q

What is the palpebral fissure?

A

Opening between the lids

49
Q

What is the function of the obicularis oculi?

A

Narrows the opening to a horizontal slit

50
Q

What is the function of the retractor anguli oculi lateralis?

A

Raise the upper eyelid

51
Q

What is the function of the malaris?

A

Depress the lower lid, enlarging the eye opening

52
Q

What are the three muscles of the dorsal face?

A

Frontalis, occipitalis, and zygomaticus

53
Q

What happens with a centrally located lesion of the facial n.?

A

Affected whole facial field
Loss of secretory activity by lacrimal gland and salivary
Mimetic muscular paralysis
Loss of taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

54
Q

What is the only salivary gland not affected by a central lesion of the facial nerve?

A

Parotid

55
Q

What happens when there is a lesion of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Paralyze the entire mimetic musculature

56
Q

What happens a lesion occurs more peripherally on the facial nerve?

A

Will depend on the certain branch of the nerve

57
Q

What happens if the auriculopalpebral n. is severed?

A

Drooping of external ear

Narrowing of palpebral fissure with inability to close the eye

58
Q

What is the clinical use of auriculopalpebral n.?

A

Some times blocked in horses to aid in an eye examination

59
Q

What is the path of the auriculopalpebral n. in horses and cattle?

A

Detached from facial n. prior to face

Take independent course across the zygomatic arch

60
Q

What happens when there is a lesion in the buccal branch of the facial n.?

A

Paralysis of the muscles of the lips and cheeks
Deformation of the muzzle
Unopposed activity of the muscles on the sound side

Anatomy (44 decks)

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