Lecture 23 - Face and Parotid Region

Question 1

What do the parotid glands lay caudal to?

Answer 1

Masseter and temporomandibular join, will expand cranially over masseter

Question 2

What are the parotid glands associated with dorsally?

Answer 2

External auditory meatus and base of ear

Question 3

What part of the vertebrae does the parotid gland associated with?

Answer 3

Wing of the atlas

Question 4

What is the ventral limit of the parotid gland in dogs?

Answer 4

Maxillary vein

Question 5

What is the ventral limit of the parotid gland in equine?

Answer 5

Convergence of maxillary and linguofacial veins

Question 6

What does the facial n. pass out of?

Answer 6

Stylomastoid foramen and ramifies with the gland

Question 7

What procedure can commonly cause harm to the parotid gland?

Answer 7

Ventral displacement when working with the external auditory meatus of the dog

Question 8

What is the blood supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 8

Parotid artery

Question 9

What is the parotid artery a branch of in dogs?

Answer 9

External Carotid a.

Question 10

What is the parotid artery a branch of in horses?

Answer 10

Common carotid a.

Question 11

What type of gland is the parotid gland, in most animals?

Answer 11

Serous gland

Question 12

What is different about the dog’s parotid gland?

Answer 12

Seromucous gland

Question 13

What is the general function of the parotid gland?

Answer 13

Moistening and softening food

Question 14

What is the path of the parotid duct in dogs?

Answer 14

Crosses the lateral surface of the masseter, shorter and less protected

Question 15

Where does the parotid duct of a dog enter into the mouth?

Answer 15

Vestibule of the mouth opposite of the fourth upper premolar

Question 16

What is the path of the parotid duct in larger domestic animals?

Answer 16

Medial to the angle of the jaw and winds below the mandible, longer more protected route

Question 17

Where does the parotid duct enter in the mouth of a larger domestic animal?

Answer 17

Along rostral margin of the masseter

Question 18

What are the subdivisions of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 18

Deep and superficial

Question 19

What are the deep division of muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 19

Scattered, muscles that act on hyoid, stapedius, part of digastric

Question 20

What are the superficial division of muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 20

Cutaneous muscles of face and head, muscles that move lips, eyelids, external ear, nostrils, and cheeks

Question 21

What are the four branches of the facial nerve? (dorsal to ventral)

Answer 21

Auriculopalpebral - Dorsal buccal branch - Ventral buccal branch - Cervical branch

Question 22

How many layers are there in the superfical division of facial muscles?

Answer 22

Three

Question 23

What are the three layers of the superficial division of the facial muscle derived from?

Answer 23

Deep sphincter in the neck

Question 24

What is the outermost superficial layer of the facial muscles?

Answer 24

Missing in most domestic animals

Spincter colli in the DOG is remnant

Question 25

What is the middle superficial layer of facial muscles?

Answer 25

Platysma

Question 26

What is the deep superficial layer of facial muscles?

Answer 26

Origin of most muscles of facial expression

Question 27

What are the seven prinicipal muscles of the lips and cheeks?

Answer 27

``` Orbicularis oris Caninus Levator nasolabialis Levator labii superiorsis Buccinator Depressor labii inferioris ```

Question 28

What is the location of the obicularis oris?

Answer 28

Surrounds the mouth opening and is closely attached to skin and mucosa of the lip

Question 29

What is the function of the obicularis oris?

Answer 29

Closes the opening of the mouth by pursing lips - important to sucking

Question 30

What is the location of the canius?

Answer 30

Arises ventral to infraorbital foramen and radiates into the wing of the nostril and upper lip

Question 31

What is the function of the caninus?

Answer 31

Dilates the nostril and elevates the corner of the mouth | Snarling in dogs

Question 32

What is the location of the levator nasolabialis?

Answer 32

Arises over the dorsum of the nose and inserts on the wing of the nostril and lateral part of the upper lip

Question 33

What does the levator nasolabialis do?

Answer 33

Dilate the nostril and to elevate and retract the upper lip

Question 34

What is the location of the levator labii superoris?

Answer 34

Arises on the lateral aspect of the face | Runs dorsorostrally, forms with its fellow a common tendon that interests into the lip between the nostrils

Question 35

What is the function of the levator labii superoris?

Answer 35

Elevate medial part of the upper lip

Question 36

What is the flehman response?

Answer 36

Elevation of the nostrils to allow pheromones or other chemical cues to enter vomeronasal organ

Question 37

What is another name for the vomeronasal?

Answer 37

jacobson's organ

Question 38

What is the behavioral reason's for the flehman response?

Answer 38

Territorial or sexual behavior

Question 39

What is the location of the buccinator?

Answer 39

Passes between the margins of upper and lower jaws, partly covered by masseter, forms basis of the cheeks

Question 40

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 40

Acts in opposition to tongue preventing food from collecting in vestibule by returning it to the central cavity of the mouth

Question 41

What gland does the buccinator associate with?

Answer 41

Buccal salivary gland

Question 42

What does the buccinator do in regards to the salivary gland?

Answer 42

Discharging secretions into the mouth, glands scattered amoung fascicles of Buccinator

Question 43

What muscle is the lips and cheeks is present in horses but NOT dogs and cats?

Answer 43

Depressor labii inferioris

Question 44

Where is the depressor labii inferioris present?

Answer 44

Lower lip

Question 45

What muscle is the labii inferioris associate with?

Answer 45

Buccinator

Question 46

What are the muscles of the eyelid?

Answer 46

Obicularis oculi, Levator/retractor anguli oculi medialis/lateralis, and malaris

Question 47

What is location of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 47

Surrounds the palpebral fissue | Anchored at the medial and lateral commissures

Question 48

What is the palpebral fissure?

Answer 48

Opening between the lids

Question 49

What is the function of the obicularis oculi?

Answer 49

Narrows the opening to a horizontal slit

Question 50

What is the function of the retractor anguli oculi lateralis?

Answer 50

Raise the upper eyelid

Question 51

What is the function of the malaris?

Answer 51

Depress the lower lid, enlarging the eye opening

Question 52

What are the three muscles of the dorsal face?

Answer 52

Frontalis, occipitalis, and zygomaticus

Question 53

What happens with a centrally located lesion of the facial n.?

Answer 53

Affected whole facial field Loss of secretory activity by lacrimal gland and salivary Mimetic muscular paralysis Loss of taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 54

What is the only salivary gland not affected by a central lesion of the facial nerve?

Answer 54

Parotid

Question 55

What happens when there is a lesion of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 55

Paralyze the entire mimetic musculature

Question 56

What happens a lesion occurs more peripherally on the facial nerve?

Answer 56

Will depend on the certain branch of the nerve

Question 57

What happens if the auriculopalpebral n. is severed?

Answer 57

Drooping of external ear | Narrowing of palpebral fissure with inability to close the eye

Question 58

What is the clinical use of auriculopalpebral n.?

Answer 58

Some times blocked in horses to aid in an eye examination

Question 59

What is the path of the auriculopalpebral n. in horses and cattle?

Answer 59

Detached from facial n. prior to face | Take independent course across the zygomatic arch

Question 60

What happens when there is a lesion in the buccal branch of the facial n.?

Answer 60

Paralysis of the muscles of the lips and cheeks Deformation of the muzzle Unopposed activity of the muscles on the sound side