Lecture 30 - Nasal Cavity II Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxilla - Frontal - Sphenoid

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1
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Bones in nasal cavity that are excavated by pockets of non-olfactory mucosa that grow outward

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2
Q

What is the “fake” sinus in some animals?

A

Ethmoid

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3
Q

In the dog and cat, what is the most identifiable sinus?

A

Frontal

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4
Q

What invades the frontal sinus?

A

Ethmoturbinates

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5
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus in dogs and cats known as the maxillary recess?

A

Not a small opening in the nasal cavity - there is a broad open communication

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6
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

A

Within the presphenoid bone

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7
Q

What is the difference between the dog and cat sphenoid sinus?

A

Dogs is filled with ethmoturbinates

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8
Q

What happens in the paranasal sinuses of non-carnivoran domestic animals?

A

very enlarged - invade adjacent bones (palatine, lacrimal, and nasal conchae)

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9
Q

Why are infections common in the paranasal sinus?

A

Because the foramen to drain these cavities doesn’t allow passive drainage when animal is in normal posture

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10
Q

What is a side function of the dorsal portion of the frontal sinus?

A

Protects the braincase - why it is hard to kill a pig and cow at this location

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11
Q

Why do the molars cause a problem with the maxillary sinus?

A

Roots grow into the sinus
Transfer infection
Can damage when those teeth are removed

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12
Q

What are the two basic parts of the palate?

A

Hard palate

Soft palate

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13
Q

What two foramen are within the palatine bone?

A

Major and minor palatine foramen

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14
Q

What are Rugae?

A

Transverse ridges in mucosa

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15
Q

What are the function of the Rugae?

A

Help direct food caudally in oral cavity

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16
Q

Where is the incisive papilla?

A

Raised bump directly caudal to the central incisors

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17
Q

What is different about the rostral end of a cattles hard pallet?

A

No incisors, has a dental pad

18
Q

What is the basic function of the soft palate?

A

Some control over separation between digestive and respiratory pathway

19
Q

What does the palatinus muscle do?

A

Shortens and ventrally curls palate

20
Q

What is the origin of the levator veli palatini?

A

Muscular process of the temporal bone

21
Q

What is the insertion of the levator veli palatini?

A

Dorsal surface of the soft palate

22
Q

What nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

A

Branch of the pharyngeal plexus

Mostly CN X and some CN IX

23
Q

What is the action of the levator veli palatini?

A

Elevate soft palate

24
What is the origin of the tensor veli palatini?
Muscular process of the temporal bone
25
What is the insertion point of the tensor veli palatini?
Lateral soft edge of the soft paalte after wrapping around pterygoid hamulus
26
What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?
Mandibular nerve
27
What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?
Tense the soft palate
28
What does the palatoglossus do?
From the lateral aspect of the palate to the tongue
29
Where is the palatopharyngeus?
Caudolateral aspect of the palate to the pharyngeal wall
30
What nerve innervates the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?
CN X
31
What do the palato. muscles form bilaterally?
Palatoglossal arch
32
What is present within the tonsilar fossa?
Palatine tonsil
33
What are the three major palatine arteries?
Descending - Major - Minor
34
What is the path of the minor palatine artery?
Passes caudual to the margin of the hard palate to reach the soft palate
35
What is the path of the major palatine artery?
Enters caudal palatine foramen and passes through the canal to reach hard palate
36
What does the descending palatine artery give rise to?
Major palatine artery
37
Where does the major palatine artery split?
Ventral end of the palatine canal
38
What happens to the rostral branch of the major palatine artery?
Runs through the palatine groove to the palatine fissure and gives off branch to nasal cavity
39
What happens to the caudal branch of the major palatine foramen?
Exits the minor palatine foramen and forms an anastomosis between major and minor palatine arteries
40
What branches come off the maxillary and that supply sensory to the palatine mucosa?
Major palatine - Accessory palatine - Minor palatine
41
What is structurally wrong with dogs that experiance branchycephalic syndrome?
Stenotic nares Obstructed nasal cavity Elongated soft palate Hypoplastic trachea
42
What can be a secondary problem from brachycephalic syndrom?
Tracheal/laryngeal collapse
43
What is different about the equine soft palate?
Especially long and hangs rostral and ventral to epiglottis | Palatopharyngeus muscle wraps around laryngeal opening