Lecture 9 10/17/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What age of pig is found in a farrowing barn?

A

piglets from birth to weaning at about 21 days

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2
Q

What age of pig is found in a nursery barn?

A

feeder pigs 3 to 9 weeks of age

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3
Q

What age of pig is found in a finishing barn?

A

finishing/market hogs 9 to 20 weeks of age

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4
Q

How are sows organized within their barn?

A

based on farrowing date

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5
Q

Why is it important to maintain a temperature of around 95 degrees in the farrowing barn?

A

to prevent cold stress that would predispose the piglets to illness/infection

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6
Q

Why is it important to regularly clean the finishing barn?

A

ammonia smell can come up through the slatted floor and cause poor air quality

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7
Q

What stressors can impact a pig at weaning?

A

-nutritional stress
-cold stress
-respiratory stress
-social stress

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8
Q

What are the antemortem diagnostics that are commonly done in pigs?

A

-physical exam
-nasal/nasopharyngeal culture
-tonsillar scraping
-sacrfice and necropsy

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9
Q

What are the therapeutic options used in pigs?

A

-parenteral or in-feed antibiotics
-NSAIDs
-depopulation/repopulation

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of atrophic rhinitis?

A

-two bacteria work together to cause synergistic disease
-involves Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida
-type D toxin produced by P. multocida

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11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of atrophic rhinitis?

A

-piglets acquire B. bronchiseptica from sow
-B. bronchiseptica causes mucosal damage
-P. multocida co-colonizes nasal cavity
-toxin produced by P. multocida induces osteoclastic activity

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12
Q

How does age of the pig impact the severity of atrophic rhinitis?

A

pigs that get infected at a younger age will have more severe turbinate atrophy

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13
Q

What are the consequences of atrophic rhinitis?

A

-leads to secondary bact. infection
-poorer performance compared to uninfected pigs

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis in farrowing/nursery pigs?

A

-sneezing
-nasal discharge

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis in finishing pigs?

A

-distortion of snout and face
-excess lacrimation
-epistaxis
-failure to thrive

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16
Q

What percent of market hogs have some sort of atrophic rhinitis lesion?

A

50-70%

17
Q

What are the characteristics of atrophic rhinitis treatment?

A

-mass medication by adding antibiotics to feed
-animal must be well enough to eat
-sickest animals likely to remain infected

18
Q

How is atrophic rhinitis prevented?

A

-vaccine given to sows
-improved management
-ventilation
-continuous slaughter checks

19
Q

Which bacteria causes necrotic rhinitis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

20
Q

What is the pathophysiology of necrotic rhinitis?

A

F. necrophorum colonizes damaged mucosa that results from trauma (such as trimming milk teeth)

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of necrotic rhinitis in neonates/weaners?

A

-severe swelling of the nose
-abscessation
-foul breath
-facial deformities
-bull nose

22
Q

What are the treatment options for necrotic rhinitis?

A

-euthanasia
-wound debridement

23
Q

What are the characteristics of inclusion body rhinitis?

A

-caused by porcine cytomegalovirus
-gamma herpesvirus
-latency in leukocytes

24
Q

What is the pathophysiology of inclusion body rhinitis?

A

-latently infected sow acts as reservoir
-stressful event causes sow to shed virus and expose piglets
-virus replicates in nasal and ocular tissue

25
Q

What are characteristics of the influenza virus?

A

-orthomyxovirus
-RNA virus
-segmented genome

26
Q

What are the two influenza envelope proteins and their purpose?

A

-hemagglutinin: used to enter cells
-neuraminidase: used to leave cells

27
Q

Which influenza strains are the main strains found in pigs?

A

-H1N1
-H3N2
-H1N2

28
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

mutations in the genetic structure of the virus

29
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

reassortment of the genome segments of the virus

30
Q

Why is it important that pigs can be infected with both avian and human influenza strains?

A

pigs serve as a hub for viral reassortment

31
Q

What are the characteristics of influenza transmission?

A

-virus likely circulates at low levels in the herd and waits for increased susceptibility
-transmission occurs through resp. secretions
-replication occurs in nasal, tracheal, and bronchial epithelium

32
Q

What are the characteristics of influenza infection?

A

-mild to severe necrosis of the resp. epithelium leads to lung cell death and consolidation
-viral shedding can occur within 48 hours of infection
-clinical signs begin around 4 days after infection
-post-infection virus can be shed for up to 3 days

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of influenza in pigs?

A

-diarrhea
-coughing
-sore throat
-lethargy
-lack of appetite
-sneezing
-nasal and ocular mucous
-fever
-weight loss
-poor growth

34
Q

How is influenza virus diagnosed?

A

-PCR
-viral isolation
-serology
-indirect fluorescent antibody

35
Q

What are the characteristics of influenza prevention?

A

-vxs are not reformulated fast enough to provide good immunity
-vxs can reduce disease severity
-better to follow all in/all out
-reduce stress and temp. changes
-depopulate in the face of severe epidemics