Lecture 4 10/14/24 Flashcards
What are the classifications of pneumonia?
-bronchopneumonia: bacterial pneumonia
-interstitial pneumonia: toxic or viral pneumonia
-metastatic pneumonia: pneumonia that starts elsewhere
What is bronchopneumonia?
culmination of many factors that results in bacterial infection in the lungs
Where is bronchopneumonia most likely to occur in cattle?
right cranial lung lobe
Which viral pathogens are within the bovine respiratory disease complex?
-BHV-1
-BVDV
-BRSV
-PI3
-BoCOV
Which bacterial pathogens are within the bovine respiratory disease complex?
-Mannheimia haemolytica
-Pasteurella multocida
-Histophilus somni
-Mycoplasma bovis
-Trueperella pyogenes
What is the “equation” for BRD?
stress + immunosuppression + viral infection = bacterial pneumonia
Which stressors contribute to immunosuppression?
-weaning
-environmental stress
-processing of calves
-co-mingling and transportation
What are the names for BRD based on the infected animal?
-post-weaned beef cattle: shipping fever
-weaning animals: bacterial bronchopneumonia
-nursing calves: summer pneumonia
-dairy calves: enzootic calf pneumonia
How does viral infection predispose an animal to bacterial infection?
-by impairing the innate defenses
-destruction of the mucociliary elevator
What are the clinical signs of BRD?
-depression
-anorexia
-increased rectal temp/fever
-increased resp. rate and effort
-increased cranioventral resp. sounds
Why is the cranioventral area of the lungs the most affected in BRD?
gravity brings the pathogens into this area of the lungs
What can contribute to BRD in nursing calves?
-adverse weather
-BRSV
-co-mingling
-failure of passive transfer
-waning of maternal antibodies
-BVDV PI
What can contribute to BRD in dairy calves?
-waning of maternal antibodies
-failure of passive transfer
-air quality
-bottle hygiene
-mixed age groups
-viral pathogens
-adverse weather
