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FA2 Respiratory > Lecture 31 11/25/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 31 11/25/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the potential developmental respiratory abnormalities?

A

-cleft palate
-choanal atresia/no nostrils
-deviated nasal septum

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2
Q

What are the common causes of upper respiratory pathology in equines?

A

-progressive ethmoid hematomas
-polyps and cysts
-viral infections
-fungus
-parasitic
-neoplastic

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of strangles?

A

-caused by Strep. equi equi
-young horses are most susceptible
-highly contagious
-reportable in some states

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4
Q

What is the pathology of strangles?

A

-starts as rhinitis and lymphadenitis
-spreads to sinuses and guttural pouches
-horses that recover may become carriers

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of glanders?

A

-caused by Burkholderia mallei
-gram neg. bacteria
-OIE reportable
-causes pyogranulomatous inflammation and ulceration

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of pseudoglanders?

A

-looks like glanders
-caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei
-reportable
-potential to spread to both lungs

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of fungal upper airway pathology in horses?

A

-guttural pouch mycosis
-often Aspergillus spp.
-sequela is fatal hemorrhage

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8
Q

Which parasite causes upper airway pathology in horses?

A

Rhinosporidium seberi

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9
Q

Which neoplasia type causes upper airway pathology in horses?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A

-caused by bovine herpesvirus-1
-pathology includes fibrin, hemorrhage, necrosis, and diphtheritic membranes
-nasal and bronchial infection
-synergistic with other viruses and bacteria
-part of BRD

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11
Q

What lesion leads to frontal sinusitis?

A

improper dehorning

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12
Q

What lesion leads to maxillary sinusitis?

A

tooth infections

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13
Q

What are the two main causes of upper airway pathology in sheep and goats?

A

-Oestrus ovis
-enzootic nasal tumor

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of enzootic nasal tumor?

A

-caused by retrovirus infection
-likes the ethmoid area

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of atrophic rhinitis?

A

-presents as severe nasal turbinate atrophy
-causes deviation of nasal septum
-can predispose to secondary infections
-infected pigs are poor doers

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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis?

A

-infection with B. bronchiseptica produces dermonecrotoxin
-promotes infection with toxin-producing strains of P. multocida
-P. multocida toxin promotes osteoclast proliferation and inhibits osteoblast activity
-resorption of nasal turbinates occurs

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of rhinitis in canines?

A

-sneezing
-discharge
-epistaxis
-masses

18
Q

What are the characteristics of viral rhinitis in dogs?

A

-often part of diffuse resp. disease
-lymphoplasmacytic presentation

19
Q

What are the characteristics of bacterial rhinitis in dogs?

A

-potentially secondary to viral
-associated with B. bronchiseptica, E. coli, and P. multocida
-suppurative presentation

20
Q

What are the characteristics of fungal rhinitis in dogs?

A

-often leads to granulomatous rhinitis
-Aspergillus spp. most common in the nose
-potential for Blasto.

21
Q

What are the characteristics of idiopathic rhinitis in dogs?

A

-lymphoplasmacytic presentation
-can include eosinophils if due to an allergic cause

22
Q

What are the characteristics of nasal neoplasia in dogs?

A

-carcinoma is most common
-can grossly look like granulomatous inflammation
-lymphoma also possible

23
Q

What are the characteristics of feline herpesvirus?

A

-decreases host defenses
-increases risk for secondary infections
-complicated by Mycoplasma, Bordetella, and Strep.
-secondary infections present with suppurative/catarrhal rhinitis and conjunctivitis
-ocular discharge and keratitis common

24
Q

What are the characteristics of feline calicivirus?

A

-lots of overlap with feline herpesvirus symptoms
-causes oral ulcerations
-can cause severe lower airway disease
-severe form causes systemic fever and hemorrhage with up to 50% fatality rate

25
Q

What are the characteristics of feline chlamydiosis?

A

-caused by Chlamydia felis
-causes conjunctivitis
-causes serous or mucopurulent rhinitis

26
Q

What are the characteristics of cryptococcus rhinitis in cats?

A

-caused by Cryptococcus neoformans
-presents with minimal inflammation

27
Q

Which neoplasia types are most common in the nasal cavity of cats?

A

-lymphoma; typically B cell
-squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

What are the characteristics of nasopharyngeal polyps?

A

-secondary to chronic inflammation
-occur in young cats most commonly

29
Q

What are the characteristics of viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits?

A

-caused by rabbit calicivirus
-causes terminal fatal epistaxis or sudden death
-occurs in outbreaks

30
Q

What are the characteristics of snuffles in rabbits?

A

-caused by P. multocida
-causes severe mucopurulent rhinosinusitis

31
Q

What are the characteristics of white nose in bats?

A

-caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans fungus
-limited to the skin of the nasal planum
-associated with mass morbidity and mortality

32
Q

What are the characteristics of fowl cholera?

A

-caused by P. multocida or Mycoplasma gallisepticum
-common in backyard flocks
-highly contagious
-causes chronic heterophilic to granulomatous sinusitis

33
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tracheal collapse?

A

cartilage dysplasia leads to abnormal cartilage rings and widened dorsal tracheal membrane

34
Q

Which breeds are most affected by tracheal collapse?

A

toy and miniature dog breeds

35
Q

What are the characteristics of tracheal hypoplasia?

A

-tracheal lumen smaller than normal
-sometimes associated with bronchial hypoplasia
-most common in english bulldogs and boston terriers

FA2 Respiratory (32 decks)

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