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FA2 Respiratory > Lecture 5 10/15/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 10/15/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1.1?

A

-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
-conjunctivitis
-abortion
-immune suppression

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2
Q

What is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1.2?

A

-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
-infectious balanoposthitis
-abortion

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3
Q

What is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1.3/BHV-5?

A

-encephalomyelitis
-abortion

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of BHV-1?

A

causes:
-nasal and oral mucosal erosions
-severe tracheitis
-conjunctivitis
-abortions
-immunosuppression

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5
Q

When do abortions occur with BHV-1?

A

during resp. outbreaks and up to 100 days after

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of BHV-1 latency?

A

-maintained and spread by latently infected carriers
-latency occurs in trigeminal ganglion cells
-stress causes recrudescence and shedding of the virus

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7
Q

Which tests can be done to detect an active viral infection?

A

-virus isolation
-PCR
-antigen capture ELISA
-immunofluorescence
-histopathology

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8
Q

Which samples are used to detect an active viral infection?

A

-serum/plasma
-whole blood
-nasal swabs
-transtracheal wash/bronchoalveolar lavage
-tissue
-fetus/placenta
-semen

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9
Q

Which tests can be done to detect a previous viral infection?

A

-serology
-antibody ELISA
-complement fixation
-card agglutination
-intradermal allergen test
-caudal fold test

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10
Q

Which samples are used to detect a previous viral infection?

A

-serum/plasma
-whole blood
-intradermal antigen deposition

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11
Q

Which diagnostic methods are most commonly used for diagnosis of BHV-1?

A

-PCR
-serology
-virus isolation
-immunofluorescent antibody staining
-histopathology

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12
Q

What is the hallmark finding of herpes infections on histopath?

A

inclusion bodies

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13
Q

What result on paired antibody ELISA titers indicates infection?

A

4 fold or greater increase in titers

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14
Q

What is the typical treatment for viral infection?

A

-fluids
-antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
-NSAIDs
-avoiding further stress
-maybe steroids; but they induce immunosuppression

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15
Q

How is infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/BHV prevented?

A

vaccination and biosecurity

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the BHV MLV?

A

-best cell mediated immunity
-may cause abortions in cows not previously vaccinated
-cannot be used in neonates
-can cause latent “vaccine infections”

17
Q

What is the main characteristic of the BHV killed vx?

A

safe for pregnant cows

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the BHV intranasal MLV?

A

-fastest means of protection
-mucosal immunity through IgA prod.
-good cell mediated immunity
-no interference with maternal antibodies
-circulates between animals after vx
-short lived; 6 week duration

19
Q

What are the potential BVDV genotype and biotype combinations?

A

-genotype 1, non-cytopathic
-genotype 1, cytopathic
-genotype 2, non-cytopathic
-genotype 2, cytopathic

20
Q

How does cytopathic BVDV differ from non-cytopathic BVDV?

A

cytopathic kills cells in culture while non-cytopathic does not

21
Q

What is the most important manifestation of BVDV?

A

immunosuppression

22
Q

What are the manifestations of BVDV?

A

-immunosuppression
-diarrhea
-abortion
-upper resp. infection
-persistent infections
-persistent testicular infections
-mucosal disease
-congenital malformation

23
Q

Which lymphoid cells are effected by BVDV?

A

-Th cells
-B cells
-neutrophils
-monocytes
-cytotoxic T cells
-NK cells
-dendritic cells
-pulmonary alveolar macrophages

24
Q

How does BVDV impact lymphoid cells?

A

-reduces lymphoid cell number
-impairs interferon production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and microbial killing
-reduces MHC I and II expression and Th cell response

25
Q

What is a persistent BVDV infection?

A

-NCP virus infects the calf at 40-125 days of gestation
-calf’s immune system is developing at this time and recognizes the virus as self, allowing for immunotolerance

26
Q

Why are BVDV PIs important?

A

serve as a reservoir for BVDV transmission to the rest of the population

27
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for BVDV?

A

-virus isolation: 2 samples 3 weeks apart
-immunohistochemistry
-antigen capture ELISA

28
Q

Which samples are used for each BVDV diagnostic method?

A

-virus isolation: nasal swab, ear notch, whole blood buffy coat
-immunohistochemistry: ear notch
-antigen capture ELISA: ear notch, whole blood

29
Q

How long does it take for BVDV to transmit from a PI to another individual?

A

1 hour of fence line contact (very contagious)

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the BVDV vaccine?

A

-prevents clinical disease
-limits viral shedding
-protects fetus from abortion and PI
-used in the cows

FA2 Respiratory (30 decks)

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