Lecture 8_ Superficial and Deep Back

Question 1

The muscles of the back can be divided into two groups: the ____ muscles and the ____ muscles

Answer 1

superficial (extrinsic) muscles;
deep (intrinsic) muscles

Question 2

Primary function of superficial and deep back muscles?

Answer 2

1) Moving pelvic girdle and UE’s
2) Moving spinal column
3) Moving craniovertebral joints

Question 3

Which muscle is derived from ventral muscle (hypomere)?

Which muscle is derived from dorsal muscle (epimere)?

Answer 3

Extrinsic muscle is derived from ventral muscle/hypomere

Intrinsic muscle is derived from dorsal muscle/epimere

Question 4

What innervates extrinsic back muscle?
What innervates intrinsic back muscle?

Answer 4

Extrinsic back muscle is innervated by ventral primary rami

Intrinsic back muscle is innervated by dorsal primary rami

Question 5

How does the extrinsic back muscle get blood?

How does the intrinsic back muscle get blood?

Answer 5

Extrinsic = axillary/subclavian artery

Intrinsic = branches of segmental abdominal aorta

Question 6

Two roles of extrinsic muscles?

Two roles on intrinsic muscles?

Answer 6

Extrinsic = 1) Accessory muscles of respiration / 2) Move UE

Intrinsic = 1) Move trunk and head / 2) Maintain posture

Question 7

______ are usually fixed attachments while ___ are usually movable attachments

Answer 7

Origins; Insertions

Question 8

The pelvic girdle is a functional unit formed by the ___ and ___

Answer 8

clavicle and scapula

Question 9

Three scapular movements?

Answer 9

1) Elevation/Depression
2) Protraction/Retraction
3) Rotation - superior vs. inferior

Question 10

What movements are associated with movement about the AP axis of the sternoclavicular (SC) Joint and “shrug of shoulders”?

Answer 10

Elevation/Depression of Scapula

Question 11

What movement draws the pelvic girdle anteriorly, as when rounding the shoulders?

What movment draws the pelvic girdle posteriorly, causing medial border of scapula to approximate verterbral column

Answer 11

Protraction
Retraction

Question 12

True or False: Rotation of the scapula is associated with gliding of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point superiorly while the inferior angle rotates laterally?

What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point inferiorly while the inferior angle rotates medially?

Answer 13

Superior (Lateral) Rotation/Abduction

Inferior (Medial) Rotation/Adduction

Question 14

True or False: Scapulohumeral rhythm is required for full ROM at shoulder

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Abduction/Adduction of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/____ rotation of pelvic girdle

Answer 15

superior/inferior rotation of pelvic girdle

Question 16

Flexion/Extension of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/_____ of pelvic girdle

Answer 16

protraction/retraction of pelvic girdle

Question 17

Extension requires the use of ___ muscles while flexion requires use of ___ muscle

Answer 17

deep back muscles; abdominal muscles

Question 18

True or False: Flexion/Extension occurs in coronal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the sagittal plane

Answer 18

False - flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the coronal plane

Question 19

Rotation occurs in the ____ plane and can be either contralateral or ipsilateral

Answer 19

transverse/horizontal plane

Question 20

True or False: All intrinsic back muscles bend/laterally flex vertebral column and head

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Unilateral Contraction is a result of ____ and ____

Answer 21

lateral flexion and rotation

Question 22

Bilateral Contraction is a result of pure ____

Answer 22

extension

Question 23

How can you classify deep back muscles?

Answer 23

1) Intersegmental
2) Multi-segmental

Question 24

___ back muscles are short, span a single IV joint, and are susceptible to strain

Answer 24

Intersegmental Deep Back Muscles

Question 25

What type of deep back muscles span multiple IV segments and allow for extension of vertebral column, as well as posture maintenance, rotation/lateral flexion of torso, head, and neck

Answer 25

Multi-segmental Deep Back Muscles

Question 26

____ Region is the deepest layer of the posterior cervical muscles

Answer 26

The Suboccipital Region

Question 27

True or False: The suboccipital region is superficial to the semispinalis capitis

Answer 27

False - suboccipital region is deep to semispinalis capitis

Question 28

What are the two principal functions of the suboccipital region?

Answer 28

1. Postural 2. Proprioceptive

Question 29

All suboccipital muscles are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 29

Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

Question 30

The suboccipital triangle is defined by what three structures?

Answer 30

1) Rectus capitis posterior major 2) Obliquus capitis superior 3) Obliquus capitis inferior

Question 31

What nerve and artery are located within the suboccipital region?

Answer 31

Vertebral artery and the Suboccipital Nerve (C1)

Question 32

True or False: The suboccipital nerve emerges from the center of the suboccipital triangle and gives muscle branches to suboccipital muscles

Answer 32

True

Question 33

How does the vertebral artery exit the transverse foramen of C1 to enter the foramen magnum?

Answer 33

Curves behind atlas/along posterior arch; pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 34

What two structures are closely related to the suboccipital triangle but not considered to be part of its content?

Answer 34

1) Occipital Artery 2) Greater Occipital Nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)

Question 35

Which artery emerges between the obliquus capitis superior muscles and the splenius capitus?

Answer 35

Occipital Artery

Question 36

Which nerve emerge inferiorly to the obliquus capititis inferior muscle, pierces the semi-spinalis capitis muscle to supply skin of posterior scalp?

Answer 36

Greater occipital nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)

Question 37

Skin overlying intrinsic muscles of back is innervated by medial/lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?

Answer 37

Dorsal primary rami

Question 38

Skin at lateral margins of back is innervated by posterior branches of lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?

Answer 38

Ventral primary rami

Question 39

Where do intrinsic muscles of back + overlying skin get blood from?

Answer 39

Segmental artery + dorsal primary rami

Question 40

Deep intrinsic muscles of the posterior neck get blood supply from what artery?

Answer 40

Deep cervical artery (branch of subclavian)

Question 41

True or False: Superficial muscles of the back are supplied by subclavian and axillary aa

Answer 41

True

Question 42

______is deep to levator scapulae and originates from subclavian artery A. Transverse cervical artery B. Thoracodorsal artery C. Dorsal scapular artery

Answer 42

C. Dorsal scapular artery

Question 43

____ is superior to levator scapulae and is deep to trapezius A. Transverse cervical artery B. Thoracodorsal artery C. Dorsal scapular artery

Answer 43

A. Transverse cervical artery

Question 44

_____ originates from sub-scapular artery and depends on lat dorsi to supply it A. Transverse cervical artery B. Thoracodorsal artery C. Dorsal scapular artery

Answer 44

B. Thoracodorsal artery