Lecture 8_ Superficial and Deep Back Flashcards
The muscles of the back can be divided into two groups: the ____ muscles and the ____ muscles
superficial (extrinsic) muscles;
deep (intrinsic) muscles
Primary function of superficial and deep back muscles?
1) Moving pelvic girdle and UE’s
2) Moving spinal column
3) Moving craniovertebral joints
Which muscle is derived from ventral muscle (hypomere)?
Which muscle is derived from dorsal muscle (epimere)?
Extrinsic muscle is derived from ventral muscle/hypomere
Intrinsic muscle is derived from dorsal muscle/epimere
What innervates extrinsic back muscle?
What innervates intrinsic back muscle?
Extrinsic back muscle is innervated by ventral primary rami
Intrinsic back muscle is innervated by dorsal primary rami
How does the extrinsic back muscle get blood?
How does the intrinsic back muscle get blood?
Extrinsic = axillary/subclavian artery
Intrinsic = branches of segmental abdominal aorta
Two roles of extrinsic muscles?
Two roles on intrinsic muscles?
Extrinsic = 1) Accessory muscles of respiration / 2) Move UE
Intrinsic = 1) Move trunk and head / 2) Maintain posture
______ are usually fixed attachments while ___ are usually movable attachments
Origins; Insertions
The pelvic girdle is a functional unit formed by the ___ and ___
clavicle and scapula
Three scapular movements?
1) Elevation/Depression
2) Protraction/Retraction
3) Rotation - superior vs. inferior
What movements are associated with movement about the AP axis of the sternoclavicular (SC) Joint and “shrug of shoulders”?
Elevation/Depression of Scapula
What movement draws the pelvic girdle anteriorly, as when rounding the shoulders?
What movment draws the pelvic girdle posteriorly, causing medial border of scapula to approximate verterbral column
Protraction
Retraction
True or False: Rotation of the scapula is associated with gliding of the acromioclavicular joint
True
What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point superiorly while the inferior angle rotates laterally?
What type of rotation causes the glenoid fossa to point inferiorly while the inferior angle rotates medially?
Superior (Lateral) Rotation/Abduction
Inferior (Medial) Rotation/Adduction
True or False: Scapulohumeral rhythm is required for full ROM at shoulder
True
Abduction/Adduction of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/____ rotation of pelvic girdle
superior/inferior rotation of pelvic girdle
Flexion/Extension of glenohumeral joint is associated with ____/_____ of pelvic girdle
protraction/retraction of pelvic girdle
Extension requires the use of ___ muscles while flexion requires use of ___ muscle
deep back muscles; abdominal muscles
True or False: Flexion/Extension occurs in coronal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the sagittal plane
False - flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane while lateral flexion occurs in the coronal plane
Rotation occurs in the ____ plane and can be either contralateral or ipsilateral
transverse/horizontal plane
True or False: All intrinsic back muscles bend/laterally flex vertebral column and head
True
Unilateral Contraction is a result of ____ and ____
lateral flexion and rotation
Bilateral Contraction is a result of pure ____
extension
How can you classify deep back muscles?
1) Intersegmental
2) Multi-segmental
___ back muscles are short, span a single IV joint, and are susceptible to strain
Intersegmental Deep Back Muscles
What type of deep back muscles span multiple IV segments and allow for extension of vertebral column, as well as posture maintenance, rotation/lateral flexion of torso, head, and neck
Multi-segmental Deep Back Muscles
____ Region is the deepest layer of the posterior cervical muscles
The Suboccipital Region
True or False: The suboccipital region is superficial to the semispinalis capitis
False - suboccipital region is deep to semispinalis capitis
What are the two principal functions of the suboccipital region?
- Postural
- Proprioceptive
All suboccipital muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
The suboccipital triangle is defined by what three structures?
1) Rectus capitis posterior major
2) Obliquus capitis superior
3) Obliquus capitis inferior
What nerve and artery are located within the suboccipital region?
Vertebral artery and the Suboccipital Nerve (C1)
True or False: The suboccipital nerve emerges from the center of the suboccipital triangle and gives muscle branches to suboccipital muscles
True
How does the vertebral artery exit the transverse foramen of C1 to enter the foramen magnum?
Curves behind atlas/along posterior arch; pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
What two structures are closely related to the suboccipital triangle but not considered to be part of its content?
1) Occipital Artery
2) Greater Occipital Nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)
Which artery emerges between the obliquus capitis superior muscles and the splenius capitus?
Occipital Artery
Which nerve emerge inferiorly to the obliquus capititis inferior muscle, pierces the semi-spinalis capitis muscle to supply skin of posterior scalp?
Greater occipital nerve (Dorsal Ramus C2)
Skin overlying intrinsic muscles of back is innervated by medial/lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?
Dorsal primary rami
Skin at lateral margins of back is innervated by posterior branches of lateral cutaneous branches of which primary rami?
Ventral primary rami
Where do intrinsic muscles of back + overlying skin get blood from?
Segmental artery + dorsal primary rami
Deep intrinsic muscles of the posterior neck get blood supply from what artery?
Deep cervical artery (branch of subclavian)
True or False: Superficial muscles of the back are supplied by subclavian and axillary aa
True
______is deep to levator scapulae and originates from subclavian artery
A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery
____ is superior to levator scapulae and is deep to trapezius
A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery
A. Transverse cervical artery
_____ originates from sub-scapular artery and depends on lat dorsi to supply it
A. Transverse cervical artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
C. Dorsal scapular artery
B. Thoracodorsal artery
