L24: Male Pelvic Cavity Flashcards
What are the four functions of the bony pelvis?
1) Supports and protect pelvic viscera
2) Transmits upper body weight to lower extremities
3) Provides stable base for lower limb function
4) Forms birth canal
What three structures make up the bone pelvis?
1) Right and Left Hip Bones
2) Sacrum
3) Coccyx
Each hip bone is formed by ____, ____, and ____ (three bones that fuse together during puberty)
1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis
What are the two joints of the pelvis?
1) Pubic Symphysis: relatively immobile + fibrocartilaginous joint
2) SI Joints: synovial joints formed between left and right ilia and sacrum; minimal gliding and rotational movement
What are the two ligaments of the pelvis?
1) Sacrotuberous Ligament
2) Sacrospinous Ligament
Which pelvic ligament attaches to the ischial spine and the sacrum and lies DEEP to the sacrotuberous ligament?
Sacrospinous Ligament
Which two places is the sacrotuberous ligament (ligament of the pelvis) attached?
1) Ischial tuberosity
2) Sacrum
The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments (of the pelvis) transfor the greater and lesser sciatic notches into the ______
greater and lesser sciatic foramina
What are the two type of pelvic apertures?
1) Superior Pelvic Aperture - pelvic inlet
2) Inferior Pelvis Aperture - pelvic outlet, birth canal
The superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet) is delineated by ___ ____
The inferior pelvic aperture (pelvic outlet) is delineated by ___, ____, ____, and ____
Pelvic Brim
Ischial tuberosities; Ischial spines; Ischiopubic rami; Coccyx
____ is a diamond shaped area that corresponds with the perineum
A. Pubic Symphysis
B. SI Joint
C. Parietal Pelvic Fascia
D. Inferior Pelvic Aperture
D. Inferior Pelvic Aperture
What structure is the boundary between the pelvis major (false pelvis) and the pelvis minor?
Superior Pelvic Aperture
True or False: The pelvic minor is superior and contains abdominal viscera, while the pelvis major is inferior and contains pelvic viscera
False
- Pelvis major (false pelvis)
= superior, contains abdominal viscera - Pelvis minor (true pelvis)
= inferior, contains pelvic viscera
The pelvic peritoneum and the parietal pelvic fascia make up the ______
pelvic fascias
______: the investing fascia of the pelvic muscles that line the pelvic cavity and are continuous with abdominal muscle
Parietal Pelvic Fascia
______: peritoneum that invests abdominal organs and extends into true pelvis and partially invests pelvic organs, forming folds and spaces between them
Pelvic Peritoneum
In both males and females, the pelvic peritoneum is the space on either side of the ___ and _____
rectum (pararectal fossa) and urinary bladder (paravesical fossa)
In males only, the pelvic peritoneum contains a pouch between the ___ and _____, as well as a fold between the ___ and ____
rectum and seminal vesicles/urinary bladder (rectovesical)
sacrum; prostate/bladder (sacrogenital)
True or False: Hip fractures usually apply to fractures of the femoral head, neck, or trochanters and are considered “pelvic fractures.”
True
Two lateral rotators of the thigh originate from the ___ and insert on the _____ ____ of the femur.
Both are innervated by the ____ branches of the sacral plexus
bony pelvis; greater trochanter
muscular
What two muscles make up the lateral wall of the pelvis?
1) Obturator Internus muscle
2) Piriformis muscle
Which muscle is the site of the sacral plexus?
Piriform muscle
The medial surface of which muscle is covered by the obturator fascia?
Obturator Internus muscle
The Obturator Internus muscle exits the pelvis via the _______ foramen to insert onto the ____
The Piriformis muscle exits the pelvis via the ___ foramen to insert onto the ___
lesser sciatic foramen; femur
greater sciatic foramen; femur
The pelvic floor is formed by the _____ (bowl-shaped group of skeletal muscles that partially closes off the pelvic outlet and supports abdominopelvic viscera, especially when intra-abdominal pressure is raised)
Pelvic Diaphragm
What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor?
1) Coccygenous
2) Levator Ani
Which muscle of the pelvic floor ELEVATES the pelvic floor to resits/raise intra-abdominal pressure?
(hint: this muscle is important for cough, vomiting, or forced expiration)
Levator Ani
Which pelvic floor muscle pulls the coccyx anteriorly and supports pelvic viscera?
(hint: wags tail in other mammals)
Coccygeus
_____ connects the abdominopelvic region with the medial compartment of the thigh
A. Greater Sciatic Foramen
B. Lesser Sciatic Foramen
C. Obtruator Canal
Obtruator Canal
The piriformis nerve exits the pelvis via the _____
Greater sciatic foramen
___ connects the pelvic cavity with the gluteal region
____ connects the gluteal region with perineum
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Superior gluteal n/a/v pass ___ to piriformis muscle
Inferior gluteal n/a/v and pudendal n. pass __ to the piriformis m
superior
inferior
True or False: The Sacral Plexus supplies sensory and motor innervation to the perineum, gluteal region, and lower extremity
True
Most of the nerves of the sacral plexus exit the pelvis via the ______
greater sciatic foramen
__ and __ root of the sacral plexus for the lumbosacral trunk
L4 and L5
What are the four branches of the Sacral Plexus?
1) Sciatic
2) Pudenal
3) Superior Gluteal
4) Inferior Gluteal
Which sacral plexus nerve branch provides motor function to gluteus minimus and medius muscle?
Which sacral plexus nerve branch provides motor function to the gluteus maximus only
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Which vein/artery delivers blood to the majority of the pelvis?
Internal Iliac
What are the three posterior divisions of the Internal Iliac?
1) Iliolumbar a
2) Lateral sacral a
3) Superior gluteal a
What are the seven anterior division branches of the Internal Iliac artery and vein?
1) Middle rectal a
2) Obturator a
3) Vaginal a
4) Umbilical a
5) Inferior vesical a
6) Inferior gluteal a
7) Internal pudenal a
Which anterior division of the internal iliac travels with the pudenda. n to supply perineum?
Internal pudenal a
Which anterior division of the internal iliac exits the pelvis between S2 and S2, emerging inferior to piriformis
Inferior gluteal a
Which anterior division branch of the internal iliac supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator a
Which anterior division branch of the internal iliac supplies the ureter and bladder?
Inferior veisical a. (uterine a. in females)
True or False: The testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, prostate/seminal vesicles/ejac duct are internal genital organs
True
__ is the source of male hormones (testosterone) and site of spermatogenesis
Testes
Where are sperm made?
Seminiferous Tubules
The right testicular vein drains into the ___, left drains into the ____vein
Right testicular v = IVC
Left testicular v = left renal vein
____ elongated structure on posterior surface of testis
Epididymis
___ is the most superior portion of epididymis while the ___ contains the convoluted duct and the ___ is continuous with ductus deferens
Head = most superior
Body = convoluted duct
Tail = continuous with ductus deferens
___ is where sperm is stored until mature
Epididymis
____: muscular tube that transport sperm from testis to urethra during ejaculation
Ductus Deferens
What are the main structures located within the spermatic cord, which courses along the male inguinal canal?
1) Ductus Deferens
2) Testicular artery
3) Pampiniform Plexus of Veins
True or False: During the course of the ductus deferens, no other structure intervenes between it and the perineum
True
The ductus deferens narrows and joins the duct of the seminal gland to form the _____
ejaculatory duct
___ is the surgical ligation of the ductus deferens
Vasectomy
____: densely coiled blind tubes located posterior to base of bladder, lateral to corresponding ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
True or False: The seminal vesicles contribute a viscous fluid, rich in fructose (to nourish sperm) and prostaglandin fluid (helps stimulate uterine contractions) - forms ~70% of semen
True
The short duct of the seminal vesicle joins the ampulla of the ductus deferens to form the ______
ejaculatory duct
___: a slender tube that arises via the union of the duct of a seminal gland with the ductus deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
___ courses through the tissue of the prostate gland to open into the prostatic urethra
Ejaculatory duct
What is the largest accessory organ in the male repro tract?
Prostate gland
The prostate gland is a cone-shaped gland with a broad base that contracts with bladder and surrounds the _____
prostatic urethra
True or False: The prostate gland contribute milky fluid that enhances sperm motility
True
The prostate gland and seminal vesicles are supplied by branches of the _____
internal iliac a
Venous blood drains to the prostatic and then to the internal _______ plexus
vertebral venous
True or False: Autonomic innervation is via the prostatic plexus (subdivision of inferior hypogastric pelvic plexus)
True
The body (shaft) of penis is formed by three cylindrical erectile bodies bound by a dense connective tissue sheath known as ___
Buck’s Fascia
What are the three cylindrical erectile bodies that make up the shaft of penis?
1) Corpora Cavernosa
2) Corpus Spongiosum
3) Prepuce (foreskin)
___ is the loose hood of skin and fascia that extends distally around glans
Prepuce
____ is an unpaired midline structure of the penis that terminates distally as the glans (head) of the penis
Corpus spongiosum
The corpus spongiosum is traversed by the penile (spongy) ____, which opens onto the glans at the external urethral meatus
urethra
