Lecture 22: Abdominal Viscera II

Question 1

What is the largest internal organ?

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

True or False: The Liver has an endocrine and exocrine function

Answer 2

True
- Endocrine Functions
1) metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
2) modification of exogenous substances

• Exocrine Functions
  1) formation + secretion of bile

Question 3

The convex diaphragmatic surface (anterior, superior, and partly posterior) of the liver is in contact with which two structures?

Answer 3

1) Thoracoabdominal diaphragm
2) Anterior body wall

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Which is large: the right or left lobe of the kidney?

What structure separates the lobes?

Answer 5

Right > Left

Separated by: falciform ligament

Question 6

True or False: The liver has a flat visceral/posterio-inferior surface

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Which two lobes of the kidney are visible on the visceral (inferior) aspect?

What demarcates them?

Answer 8

1) Quadrate Lobe - anterior and inferior

2) Caudate Lobe - posterior and superior

• Demarcated by: sagittal fissures

Question 9

_____: A transverse fissure located in the middle visceral surface of the liver and is the entrance and exit for many vessels
A. Heptal Portal Vein
B. Portal Hepatis
C. Caudate Lobe
D. IVC

Answer 9

B. Portal Hepatis

Question 10

Which artery and vein enter the liver via the porta hepatis?

Answer 10

Proper Hepatic a
Portal Hepatic v

Question 11

Where does the hepatic duct (and lymphatic drainage) exit?

Answer 11

Porta Hepatis

Question 12

True or False: The hepatic veins exit from the porta hepatis

Answer 12

False - the hepatic veins exit on the posterior aspect of the liver and empty into the IVC

Question 13

Which vein brings oxygen-poor blood from the GI tract to the liver?

Answer 13

Hepatic portal vein

NOTE: this blood contains toxins and nutrients from intestines; endocrine secretions (pancreas + intestines)

Question 14

Which artery brings oxygen-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver?

Answer 14

Hepatic arteries

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

True or False: The liver is a parenchymatous organ

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: Liver tissue is mostly made up of stroma

Answer 17

False - ~80% is parenchyma

Question 18

____ is the morph-functional unit of the liver

Answer 18

Lobule

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

At the peripheral angle of the hexagon are the portal areas, loose stromal CT characterized by the presence of the ____

Answer 20

portal triads

Question 21

___ is at the central of the lobule; it is the smallest tributary of the hepatic vein

Answer 21

Central vein

Question 22

Each portal triad consists of terminal branch of both the _____ and the ____, and a ____

Answer 22

hepatic portal v and hepatic a. + bile ductule

Question 23

An anastomotic system of ____ radially arranged, connect the portal area to the ___

Answer 23

sinusoids; central vein

Question 24

True or False: The sinusoids perfuse the cells with the mixed portal and arterial blood and allow the hepatocytes to exercise their endo/exo function and modify composition of blood circulating in sinusoid

Answer 24

True

Question 24

After being modified by the hepatocytes, the mixed blood is ultimately collected in the ______

Answer 24

central vein

Question 25

Hepatocytes are radially stacked from a ___ to the peripheral stroma

Answer 25

central v

Question 26

Under starvation conditions, the liver carries out ____

Answer 26

gluconeogenesis

Question 27

What is the shape of the hepatocyte?

Answer 27

Polygonal

Question 28

How many of the surfaces of the liver face the sinusoids?

Answer 28

Two

Question 29

The other four sides of the hepatocyte face a neighboring hepatocyte and, between the adjacent cell membranes, a tiny channel known as the ____ is present

Answer 29

bile canaliculus

Question 30

A network of bile canaliculi continues through the ___ of hepatocyte

Answer 30

plates

Question 31

Describe the blood flow in the liver: A. Invariable B. Loquacious C. Continuous D. Centrifugal

Answer 31

D. Centrifugal

Question 32

True or False: In the liver, blood flows in the opposite direction as bile flow

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The bile canaliculus drains into ____, which are found in the portal triads

Answer 33

bile ductules

Question 34

The bile ductules carry the bile to the ______ bile duct

Answer 34

Interlobular (intrahepatic) - part of the portal triad

Question 35

Trace the path the bile flows: 1) Bile Ductules 2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct 3) ___/____ Hepatic Ducts 4) _____ Hepatic Duct via: ______ 5) ______

Answer 35

1) Bile Ductules 2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct 3) R/L Hepatic Ducts 4) Common Hepatic Duct via: Common Bile Duct 5) Duodenum

Question 36

The gall bladder lies on the ___ surface of the liver

Answer 36

visceral

Question 37

Which organ stores and concentrates bile that is made in the liver?

Answer 37

Gall Bladder

Question 38

When you eat, the gall bladder releases bile into the ____ to aid digestion by breaking down fats

Answer 38

duodenum

Question 39

Describe the epithelium of the mucosa of the gall bladder:

Answer 39

Simple columnar, with microvilli, allows for water absorption (+ bile concentration) into capillaries in the lamina propria

Question 40

Cystic Duct carries ____ bile from the common hepatic duct into the ___ Cystic Duct carries ____ bile out of the gallbladder and into the ____

Answer 40

unconcentrated bile; gall bladder concentrated; bile duct

Question 41

Which duct joints the main pancreatic duct (from the pancreas) and opens into the descending part of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 41

Bile Duct

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

____ produced by duodenal neuroendocrine cells stimulates contraction of the bile duct smooth muscle

Answer 43

CCK

Question 44

How many layers does the gall bladder have? What does it lack?

Answer 44

3

Question 45

True or False: There are goblet cells in the gall bladder

Answer 45

False

Question 46

True or False: The gallbladder has fenestrated capillaries and venules in the lamina propria close to the epithelium

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? Endocrine function?

Answer 47

Exocrine = secretes digestive enzymes into ducts Endocrine = secretes insulin/glucagon into blood

Question 48

The pancreas is located on the posterior abdominal wall, between the ___ and ___

Answer 48

duodenum and spleen

Question 49

Which duct carries most of the digestive enzymes from most of the pancreas?

Answer 49

Main pancreatic duct

Question 50

The main pancreatic duct joints the ___ and opens into the ___ onto the ____

Answer 50

bile duct; duodenum; major duodenal papilla

Question 51

Which part of the pancreas (sometimes absent) drains the superior portion of the head?

Answer 51

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

Question 52

Answer 52

Question 53

In the pancreas, there are tubuloacinar gland made of serous secretory ___

Answer 53

acini

Question 54

Answer 54

Pancreas

Question 55

Pyramid-shaped protein-producing secretory acinar cells are found in which organ? What do they make?

Answer 55

Pancreas; Amylases Lipases Endopeptidases (Trypsin, chymotrypsin) Exopeptidases Carbopeptidases

Question 56

Answer 56

Question 57

True or False: A majority of the islet of langerhan cells of the pancreas are secreting glucagon

Answer 57

False - insulin

Question 58

Which organ filters blood, is responsible for lymphopoiesis, as well as for hematopoiesis in THE FETUS?

Answer 58

Spleen

Question 59

____ is the portion of spleen, not covered by peritoneum, where splenic artery and veins enter and exit

Answer 59

Hilus (hilum)

Question 60

The hilum is often in contact with the __ of the pancreas

Answer 60

tail

Question 61

True or False: Spleen and Gall bladder are not required for life

Answer 61

True

Question 62

____: Network of millions of neurons controlling gut motility

Answer 62

Enteric Nervous System

Question 63

The networks of neurons and axons (intrinsic and extrinsic components) form the submucosal ____and myenteric ____

Answer 63

(Meissner’s) plexus (Auerbach’s) plexus

Question 64

The _____ coordinates secretion, absorption, and motility of mucosa A. submucosal plexus B. myenteric plexus

Answer 64

A. submucosal plexus

Question 65

The _____ plexus mainly initiates and controls peristalsis A. submucosal plexus B. myenteric plexus

Answer 65

B. myenteric plexus