Lecture 22: Abdominal Viscera II Flashcards
What is the largest internal organ?
Liver
True or False: The Liver has an endocrine and exocrine function
True
- Endocrine Functions
1) metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
2) modification of exogenous substances
- Exocrine Functions
1) formation + secretion of bile
The convex diaphragmatic surface (anterior, superior, and partly posterior) of the liver is in contact with which two structures?
1) Thoracoabdominal diaphragm
2) Anterior body wall
Which is large: the right or left lobe of the kidney?
What structure separates the lobes?
Right > Left
Separated by: falciform ligament
True or False: The liver has a flat visceral/posterio-inferior surface
True
Which two lobes of the kidney are visible on the visceral (inferior) aspect?
What demarcates them?
1) Quadrate Lobe - anterior and inferior
2) Caudate Lobe - posterior and superior
- Demarcated by: sagittal fissures
_____: A transverse fissure located in the middle visceral surface of the liver and is the entrance and exit for many vessels
A. Heptal Portal Vein
B. Portal Hepatis
C. Caudate Lobe
D. IVC
B. Portal Hepatis
Which artery and vein enter the liver via the porta hepatis?
Proper Hepatic a
Portal Hepatic v
Where does the hepatic duct (and lymphatic drainage) exit?
Porta Hepatis
True or False: The hepatic veins exit from the porta hepatis
False - the hepatic veins exit on the posterior aspect of the liver and empty into the IVC
Which vein brings oxygen-poor blood from the GI tract to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
NOTE: this blood contains toxins and nutrients from intestines; endocrine secretions (pancreas + intestines)
Which artery brings oxygen-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver?
Hepatic arteries
True or False: The liver is a parenchymatous organ
True
True or False: Liver tissue is mostly made up of stroma
False - ~80% is parenchyma
____ is the morph-functional unit of the liver
Lobule
At the peripheral angle of the hexagon are the portal areas, loose stromal CT characterized by the presence of the ____
portal triads
___ is at the central of the lobule; it is the smallest tributary of the hepatic vein
Central vein
Each portal triad consists of terminal branch of both the _____ and the ____, and a ____
hepatic portal v and hepatic a. + bile ductule
An anastomotic system of ____ radially arranged, connect the portal area to the ___
sinusoids; central vein
True or False: The sinusoids perfuse the cells with the mixed portal and arterial blood and allow the hepatocytes to exercise their endo/exo function and modify composition of blood circulating in sinusoid
True
After being modified by the hepatocytes, the mixed blood is ultimately collected in the ______
central vein
Hepatocytes are radially stacked from a ___ to the peripheral stroma
central v
Under starvation conditions, the liver carries out ____
gluconeogenesis
What is the shape of the hepatocyte?
Polygonal
How many of the surfaces of the liver face the sinusoids?
Two
The other four sides of the hepatocyte face a neighboring hepatocyte and, between the adjacent cell membranes, a tiny channel known as the ____ is present
bile canaliculus
A network of bile canaliculi continues through the ___ of hepatocyte
plates
Describe the blood flow in the liver:
A. Invariable
B. Loquacious
C. Continuous
D. Centrifugal
D. Centrifugal
True or False: In the liver, blood flows in the opposite direction as bile flow
True
The bile canaliculus drains into ____, which are found in the portal triads
bile ductules
The bile ductules carry the bile to the ______ bile duct
Interlobular (intrahepatic) - part of the portal triad
Trace the path the bile flows:
1) Bile Ductules
2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct
3) ___/____ Hepatic Ducts
4) _____ Hepatic Duct
via: ______
5) ______
1) Bile Ductules
2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct
3) R/L Hepatic Ducts
4) Common Hepatic Duct
via: Common Bile Duct
5) Duodenum
The gall bladder lies on the ___ surface of the liver
visceral
Which organ stores and concentrates bile that is made in the liver?
Gall Bladder
When you eat, the gall bladder releases bile into the ____ to aid digestion by breaking down fats
duodenum
Describe the epithelium of the mucosa of the gall bladder:
Simple columnar, with microvilli, allows for water absorption
(+ bile concentration) into capillaries in the lamina propria
Cystic Duct carries ____ bile from the common hepatic duct into the ___
Cystic Duct carries ____ bile out of the gallbladder and into the ____
unconcentrated bile; gall bladder
concentrated; bile duct
Which duct joints the main pancreatic duct (from the pancreas) and opens into the descending part of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla?
Bile Duct
____ produced by duodenal neuroendocrine cells stimulates
contraction of the bile duct smooth muscle
CCK
How many layers does the gall bladder have? What does it lack?
3
True or False: There are goblet cells in the gall bladder
False
True or False: The gallbladder has fenestrated capillaries and venules in the
lamina propria close to the epithelium
True
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? Endocrine function?
Exocrine = secretes digestive enzymes into ducts
Endocrine = secretes insulin/glucagon into blood
The pancreas is located on the posterior abdominal wall, between the ___ and ___
duodenum and spleen
Which duct carries most of the digestive enzymes from most of the pancreas?
Main pancreatic duct
The main pancreatic duct joints the ___ and opens into the ___ onto the ____
bile duct; duodenum; major duodenal papilla
Which part of the pancreas (sometimes absent) drains the superior portion of the head?
Accessory Pancreatic Duct
In the pancreas, there are tubuloacinar gland made of serous secretory ___
acini
Pancreas
Pyramid-shaped protein-producing
secretory acinar cells are found in which organ? What do they make?
Pancreas;
Amylases
Lipases
Endopeptidases (Trypsin, chymotrypsin)
Exopeptidases
Carbopeptidases
True or False: A majority of the islet of langerhan cells of the pancreas are secreting glucagon
False - insulin
Which organ filters blood, is responsible for lymphopoiesis, as well as for hematopoiesis
in THE FETUS?
Spleen
____ is the portion of spleen, not covered by peritoneum, where splenic
artery and veins enter and exit
Hilus (hilum)
The hilum is often in contact with the __ of the pancreas
tail
True or False: Spleen and Gall bladder are not required for life
True
____: Network of millions of neurons controlling
gut motility
Enteric Nervous System
The networks of neurons and axons (intrinsic and extrinsic components) form the submucosal
____and myenteric ____
(Meissner’s) plexus
(Auerbach’s) plexus
The _____ coordinates secretion, absorption, and motility of mucosa
A. submucosal plexus
B. myenteric plexus
A. submucosal plexus
The _____ plexus mainly initiates and controls peristalsis
A. submucosal plexus
B. myenteric plexus
B. myenteric plexus
