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Anatomy > Lecture 22: Abdominal Viscera II > Flashcards

Lecture 22: Abdominal Viscera II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest internal organ?

A

Liver

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2
Q

True or False: The Liver has an endocrine and exocrine function

A

True
- Endocrine Functions
1) metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
2) modification of exogenous substances

  • Exocrine Functions
    1) formation + secretion of bile
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3
Q

The convex diaphragmatic surface (anterior, superior, and partly posterior) of the liver is in contact with which two structures?

A

1) Thoracoabdominal diaphragm
2) Anterior body wall

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Which is large: the right or left lobe of the kidney?

What structure separates the lobes?

A

Right > Left

Separated by: falciform ligament

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6
Q

True or False: The liver has a flat visceral/posterio-inferior surface

A

True

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Which two lobes of the kidney are visible on the visceral (inferior) aspect?

What demarcates them?

A

1) Quadrate Lobe - anterior and inferior

2) Caudate Lobe - posterior and superior

  • Demarcated by: sagittal fissures
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9
Q

_____: A transverse fissure located in the middle visceral surface of the liver and is the entrance and exit for many vessels
A. Heptal Portal Vein
B. Portal Hepatis
C. Caudate Lobe
D. IVC

A

B. Portal Hepatis

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10
Q

Which artery and vein enter the liver via the porta hepatis?

A

Proper Hepatic a
Portal Hepatic v

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11
Q

Where does the hepatic duct (and lymphatic drainage) exit?

A

Porta Hepatis

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12
Q

True or False: The hepatic veins exit from the porta hepatis

A

False - the hepatic veins exit on the posterior aspect of the liver and empty into the IVC

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13
Q

Which vein brings oxygen-poor blood from the GI tract to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

NOTE: this blood contains toxins and nutrients from intestines; endocrine secretions (pancreas + intestines)

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14
Q

Which artery brings oxygen-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver?

A

Hepatic arteries

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

True or False: The liver is a parenchymatous organ

A

True

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17
Q

True or False: Liver tissue is mostly made up of stroma

A

False - ~80% is parenchyma

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18
Q

____ is the morph-functional unit of the liver

A

Lobule

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

At the peripheral angle of the hexagon are the portal areas, loose stromal CT characterized by the presence of the ____

A

portal triads

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21
Q

___ is at the central of the lobule; it is the smallest tributary of the hepatic vein

A

Central vein

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22
Q

Each portal triad consists of terminal branch of both the _____ and the ____, and a ____

A

hepatic portal v and hepatic a. + bile ductule

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23
Q

An anastomotic system of ____ radially arranged, connect the portal area to the ___

A

sinusoids; central vein

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24
Q

True or False: The sinusoids perfuse the cells with the mixed portal and arterial blood and allow the hepatocytes to exercise their endo/exo function and modify composition of blood circulating in sinusoid

A

True

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24
Q

After being modified by the hepatocytes, the mixed blood is ultimately collected in the ______

A

central vein

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25
Q

Hepatocytes are radially stacked from a ___ to the peripheral stroma

A

central v

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26
Q

Under starvation conditions, the liver carries out ____

A

gluconeogenesis

27
Q

What is the shape of the hepatocyte?

A

Polygonal

28
Q

How many of the surfaces of the liver face the sinusoids?

A

Two

29
Q

The other four sides of the hepatocyte face a neighboring hepatocyte and, between the adjacent cell membranes, a tiny channel known as the ____ is present

A

bile canaliculus

30
Q

A network of bile canaliculi continues through the ___ of hepatocyte

A

plates

31
Q

Describe the blood flow in the liver:
A. Invariable
B. Loquacious
C. Continuous
D. Centrifugal

A

D. Centrifugal

32
Q

True or False: In the liver, blood flows in the opposite direction as bile flow

A

True

33
Q

The bile canaliculus drains into ____, which are found in the portal triads

A

bile ductules

34
Q

The bile ductules carry the bile to the ______ bile duct

A

Interlobular (intrahepatic) - part of the portal triad

35
Q

Trace the path the bile flows:

1) Bile Ductules
2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct
3) ___/____ Hepatic Ducts
4) _____ Hepatic Duct
via: ______
5) ______

A

1) Bile Ductules
2) Interlobular (Intrahepatic) Bile Duct
3) R/L Hepatic Ducts
4) Common Hepatic Duct
via: Common Bile Duct
5) Duodenum

36
Q

The gall bladder lies on the ___ surface of the liver

A

visceral

37
Q

Which organ stores and concentrates bile that is made in the liver?

A

Gall Bladder

38
Q

When you eat, the gall bladder releases bile into the ____ to aid digestion by breaking down fats

A

duodenum

39
Q

Describe the epithelium of the mucosa of the gall bladder:

A

Simple columnar, with microvilli, allows for water absorption
(+ bile concentration) into capillaries in the lamina propria

40
Q

Cystic Duct carries ____ bile from the common hepatic duct into the ___

Cystic Duct carries ____ bile out of the gallbladder and into the ____

A

unconcentrated bile; gall bladder

concentrated; bile duct

41
Q

Which duct joints the main pancreatic duct (from the pancreas) and opens into the descending part of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla?

A

Bile Duct

42
Q
A
43
Q

____ produced by duodenal neuroendocrine cells stimulates
contraction of the bile duct smooth muscle

A

CCK

44
Q

How many layers does the gall bladder have? What does it lack?

A

3

45
Q

True or False: There are goblet cells in the gall bladder

A

False

46
Q

True or False: The gallbladder has fenestrated capillaries and venules in the
lamina propria close to the epithelium

A

True

47
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? Endocrine function?

A

Exocrine = secretes digestive enzymes into ducts

Endocrine = secretes insulin/glucagon into blood

48
Q

The pancreas is located on the posterior abdominal wall, between the ___ and ___

A

duodenum and spleen

49
Q

Which duct carries most of the digestive enzymes from most of the pancreas?

A

Main pancreatic duct

50
Q

The main pancreatic duct joints the ___ and opens into the ___ onto the ____

A

bile duct; duodenum; major duodenal papilla

51
Q

Which part of the pancreas (sometimes absent) drains the superior portion of the head?

A

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

52
Q
A
53
Q

In the pancreas, there are tubuloacinar gland made of serous secretory ___

A

acini

54
Q
A

Pancreas

55
Q

Pyramid-shaped protein-producing
secretory acinar cells are found in which organ? What do they make?

A

Pancreas;

Amylases
Lipases
Endopeptidases (Trypsin, chymotrypsin)
Exopeptidases
Carbopeptidases

56
Q
A
57
Q

True or False: A majority of the islet of langerhan cells of the pancreas are secreting glucagon

A

False - insulin

58
Q

Which organ filters blood, is responsible for lymphopoiesis, as well as for hematopoiesis
in THE FETUS?

A

Spleen

59
Q

____ is the portion of spleen, not covered by peritoneum, where splenic
artery and veins enter and exit

A

Hilus (hilum)

60
Q

The hilum is often in contact with the __ of the pancreas

A

tail

61
Q

True or False: Spleen and Gall bladder are not required for life

A

True

62
Q

____: Network of millions of neurons controlling
gut motility

A

Enteric Nervous System

63
Q

The networks of neurons and axons (intrinsic and extrinsic components) form the submucosal
____and myenteric ____

A

(Meissner’s) plexus
(Auerbach’s) plexus

64
Q

The _____ coordinates secretion, absorption, and motility of mucosa
A. submucosal plexus
B. myenteric plexus

A

A. submucosal plexus

65
Q

The _____ plexus mainly initiates and controls peristalsis
A. submucosal plexus
B. myenteric plexus

A

B. myenteric plexus

Anatomy (28 decks)

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