Lecture 25: Female Pelvic Cavity Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the Pelvis Major (false pelvis)
- Lateral?
- Inferior?
- Posterior?
- Anterior?
-Lateral: iliacus muscle; iliac crests
-Anterior: anterior abdominal wall
-Posterior: L5-S1 vertebrae
-Inferior: pelvic brim
What are the boundaries of the Pelvis minor (true pelvis)?
- Lateral?
- Inferior?
- Posterior?
- Anterior?
- Lateral: obturator internus mm and fascias
- Anterior: pubic symphysis
- Posterior: sacrum and coccyx
- Inferior: muscular pelvic diaphragm and associated fascias
True or False: Pelvis minor extends from the pelvic brim to the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus
mm)
True
True or False: the false pelvis is continuous superiorly with the abdominal cavity
True - Pelvis major/false pelvis is continuous superiorly with abdominal cavity
True or False: Men and women both have a parietal pelvic fascia and pelvic peritoneum
True
True or False: Only females have pouches between the rectum and uterus/vagina (____)
and between the uterus and urinary bladder (____) and a fold between the sacrum and cervix of the uterus (____)
rectouterine
vesicouterine
sacrouterine
Compare and contrast male and female pelvis:
___ is the source of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and site of oogenesis
Ovary
Ovarian arteries arise from the ____
abdominal aorta
The right ovarian vein drains into the __
The left ovarian vein drains into the left ___
IVC; renal vein
During ovulation, a mature ovum is released from the ovary and picked up by finger-like projections called ____, which “grasp” the ovary and help guide the ovum into the
uterine tube
fimbriae
___: hollow muscular tubes that receive the ovulated ovum; most frequent site of fertilization
Fallopian Tubes
Unlike the male reproductive ducts, which are directly continuous with the tubules of the testes, the uterine tubes have ____direct contact with the ovaries.
little/no
True or False: Ectopic pregnancy results when blastocyst fails to reach
uterus, may implant in the mucosa of the uterine tube (most commonly the ampulla)
True
___: receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized egg throughout pregnancy; normally anteverted and anteflexed
Uterus
What are the two main parts of the uretus?
1) Body
2) Cervix
___: the superior opening of the cervical canal located at the level of
the uterine isthmus
____: the inferior opening of the cervical canal into the vagina
Internal os
External os
The uterus is also supported by the muscles of the pelvic floor (see L22). If these muscles are torn during childbirth, the unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, resulting in a ____
prolapsed uterus
___: dome-shaped portion, superior to uterine tubes
___: superolateral regions where the uterine tubes enter
Fundus
Uterine horns
The uterus is bound to the anterior body wall by the paired ____
round ligaments of the uterus
Function of the broad ligament of the uterus?
Assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvis
Also: contains the ovaries, uterine tubes, and the vasculature that
serves them
What are the three basic layers of the uterine wall?
1) Endometrium: Inner mucosal layer which is partially shed during menstruation
2) Myometrium: Middle muscular layer, made up of smooth muscle that contracts during childbirth
3) Perimetrium: the outer serosal layer derived from peritoneum
If fertilization occurs, the embryo burrows in the ____ and resides there
for the rest of its development
endometrium
Blood supply to the uterus is from uterine arteries, which arise from the ___ arteries of the pelvis
internal iliac arteries
The vagina extends from the posterior fornix to the ___ of the vagina, the cleft between the ___ into which the vagina and urethra open
vestibule; labia minora
The vestibule contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices, as well as the
openings for the two____ glands
greater vestibular glands
Which end of the vagina surrounds the cervix of the uterus?
Superior end
Functions of vagina?
- Serves as a canal for menstrual fluid
- Inferior part of the birth canal
- Receives the penis and ejaculate during sexual intercourse
- Communicates anteriorly and superiorly with the cervical canal
Blood supply to the vagina comes from the from vaginal arteries, usually branches from ____
uterine a
Pregnancy causes increased vascularity and causes the labia, cervix and
vaginal walls to turn a violet-blue color. This is a characteristic early sign of
pregnancy, also known as: ____
Chadwick’s Sign
Female external genitalia is collectively called the ____
vulva
____: subcutaneous fat pad superficial to pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
___: paired fatty skin folds lateral to the labia minora
___: Paired folds of skin and fat-free fascia medial to the labia majora. They unite anteriorly to form prepuce of clitoris.
Labia majora
Labia minora
True or False: The clitoris consists of body and glands
True
Fused ___(erectile tissue) forms the clitoris
corpora cavernosa
