Lecture 25: Female Pelvic Cavity

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the Pelvis Major (false pelvis)
- Lateral?
- Inferior?
- Posterior?
- Anterior?

Answer 1

-Lateral: iliacus muscle; iliac crests
-Anterior: anterior abdominal wall
-Posterior: L5-S1 vertebrae
-Inferior: pelvic brim

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the Pelvis minor (true pelvis)?
- Lateral?
- Inferior?
- Posterior?
- Anterior?

Answer 2

• Lateral: obturator internus mm and fascias
• Anterior: pubic symphysis
• Posterior: sacrum and coccyx
• Inferior: muscular pelvic diaphragm and associated fascias

Question 3

True or False: Pelvis minor extends from the pelvic brim to the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus
mm)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: the false pelvis is continuous superiorly with the abdominal cavity

Answer 4

True - Pelvis major/false pelvis is continuous superiorly with abdominal cavity

Question 5

True or False: Men and women both have a parietal pelvic fascia and pelvic peritoneum

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False: Only females have pouches between the rectum and uterus/vagina (____)
and between the uterus and urinary bladder (____) and a fold between the sacrum and cervix of the uterus (____)

Answer 6

rectouterine
vesicouterine
sacrouterine

Question 7

Compare and contrast male and female pelvis:

Answer 7

Question 8

___ is the source of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and site of oogenesis

Answer 8

Ovary

Question 9

Ovarian arteries arise from the ____

Answer 9

abdominal aorta

Question 10

The right ovarian vein drains into the __

The left ovarian vein drains into the left ___

Answer 10

IVC; renal vein

Question 11

During ovulation, a mature ovum is released from the ovary and picked up by finger-like projections called ____, which “grasp” the ovary and help guide the ovum into the
uterine tube

Answer 11

fimbriae

Question 12

___: hollow muscular tubes that receive the ovulated ovum; most frequent site of fertilization

Answer 12

Fallopian Tubes

Question 13

Unlike the male reproductive ducts, which are directly continuous with the tubules of the testes, the uterine tubes have ____direct contact with the ovaries.

Answer 13

little/no

Question 14

True or False: Ectopic pregnancy results when blastocyst fails to reach
uterus, may implant in the mucosa of the uterine tube (most commonly the ampulla)

Answer 14

True

Question 15

___: receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized egg throughout pregnancy; normally anteverted and anteflexed

Answer 15

Uterus

Question 16

What are the two main parts of the uretus?

Answer 16

1) Body
2) Cervix

Question 17

___: the superior opening of the cervical canal located at the level of
the uterine isthmus

____: the inferior opening of the cervical canal into the vagina

Answer 17

Internal os
External os

Question 18

The uterus is also supported by the muscles of the pelvic floor (see L22). If these muscles are torn during childbirth, the unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, resulting in a ____

Answer 18

prolapsed uterus

Question 19

___: dome-shaped portion, superior to uterine tubes

___: superolateral regions where the uterine tubes enter

Answer 19

Fundus
Uterine horns

Question 20

The uterus is bound to the anterior body wall by the paired ____

Answer 20

round ligaments of the uterus

Question 21

Function of the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 21

Assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvis

Also: contains the ovaries, uterine tubes, and the vasculature that
serves them

Question 22

What are the three basic layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 22

1) Endometrium: Inner mucosal layer which is partially shed during menstruation

2) Myometrium: Middle muscular layer, made up of smooth muscle that contracts during childbirth

3) Perimetrium: the outer serosal layer derived from peritoneum

Question 23

If fertilization occurs, the embryo burrows in the ____ and resides there
for the rest of its development

Answer 23

endometrium

Question 24

Blood supply to the uterus is from uterine arteries, which arise from the ___ arteries of the pelvis

Answer 24

internal iliac arteries

Question 25

The vagina extends from the posterior fornix to the ___ of the vagina, the cleft between the ___ into which the vagina and urethra open

Answer 25

vestibule; labia minora

Question 26

The vestibule contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices, as well as the
openings for the two____ glands

Answer 26

greater vestibular glands

Question 27

Which end of the vagina surrounds the cervix of the uterus?

Answer 27

Superior end

Question 28

Functions of vagina?

Answer 28

1. Serves as a canal for menstrual fluid
2. Inferior part of the birth canal
3. Receives the penis and ejaculate during sexual intercourse
4. Communicates anteriorly and superiorly with the cervical canal

Question 29

Blood supply to the vagina comes from the from vaginal arteries, usually branches from ____

Answer 29

uterine a

Question 30

Pregnancy causes increased vascularity and causes the labia, cervix and
vaginal walls to turn a violet-blue color. This is a characteristic early sign of
pregnancy, also known as: ____

Answer 30

Chadwick’s Sign

Question 31

Female external genitalia is collectively called the ____

Answer 31

vulva

Question 32

____: subcutaneous fat pad superficial to pubic symphysis

Answer 32

Mons pubis

Question 33

___: paired fatty skin folds lateral to the labia minora

___: Paired folds of skin and fat-free fascia medial to the labia majora. They unite anteriorly to form prepuce of clitoris.

Answer 33

Labia majora

Labia minora

Question 34

True or False: The clitoris consists of body and glands

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Fused ___(erectile tissue) forms the clitoris

Answer 35

corpora cavernosa

Question 36

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Question 39

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Question 40

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Question 41

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Question 42

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Question 44

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Question 45

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Question 47

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