Lecture 20: Abdomen (Wall + Cavity) Flashcards
___ is the superior boundary of the abdomen while ____ is in the inferior boundary of the abdomen
- Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm (attaches to inferior thoracic aperture)
- Pelvic Inlet
The Abdominal____ contains muscle and encloses the abdominal cavity
Abdominal Wall
Functions of Abdomen?
- Protects viscera
- Posture and position
- Respiration (expands and contracts thorax)
- Increase abdominal pressure
- Defecation
- Micturition
- Parturition
The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the intersection of two planes: a ____ plane through the umbilicus and a ____ plane
transverse plane; mid-sagittal plane
_____ is a part of the abdominal surface anatomy formed by costal cartilages of ribs 6-10; forms part of the inferior thoracic aperture
Costal Margin
What are the two attachment sites for inguinal ligament?
1) Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
2) Pubic Tubercle
True or False: The umbilicus is located at ~L3-4
True
The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the intersection of two plane: a ___ plane through the umbilicus and a ____ plane
transverse; mid-sagittal
The abdomen is lined by skin and superficial fascia. In the abdomen, the superficial fascia consists of two layer:
1) _____: superficial, fatty layer (usually thicker)
2) ____: deep, membranous layer (usually thinner)
1) Camper’s Fascia
2) Scarpa’s Fascia
True or False: Both Camper’s Fascia and Scarpa’s Fascia are continous with fascial layers in the perineum
True
What type of abdominal muscles are the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and ilacus?
A. Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles
B. Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles
A. Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles
Which THREE posterior abdominal muscles reinforce the abdominal wall?
1) Iliacus
2) Psoas major
3) Quadratus Lumborum
Which TWO posterior abdominal muscles produce movements in the lower limb?
1) Iliacus
2) Psoas Major
The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of ___ layers of flat, obliquely-oriented muscles (laterally) AND ___ vertical muscle (medially)
three; one
What three muscles make up the flat, obliquely oriented m. of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
1) External abdominal oblique m.
2) Internal abdominal oblique m.
3) Transversus abdominus m.
External Abdominal Oblique m. has muscle fibers that course in the ____ direction while the Internal Abdominal Oblique m. has muscle fibers that course in the ____ direction
External Oblique m. = Infero-medial
Internal Oblique m. = Supero-medial
Which flat muscle is the most superficial? Which is the most deep?
Most superficial = external abdominal oblique m.
Most deep = transversus abdominus m.
Each abdominal oblique muscle forms an aponeurosis in which two directions?
Medially and Inferiorly
The aponeuroses formed by each abdominal m. come together to form the ____
rectus sheath
Which flat m. does the rectus sheath surround?
The rectus abdominus m.
The inferior margin of the external abdominal oblique m. forms the inguinal ___ → inguinal ____→ spermatic cord (males) + uterus ligament (females)
inguinal ligament; inguinal canal
Which ligament helps form the inguinal canal?
Inguinal Ligament
____ is a passageway from the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall
Inguinal Canal
True or False: The Inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females
True
What is the benefit of having varying directions of muscle fibers in the layers of flat m?
Helps strengthen abdominal wall (because each layer can resist pressure in different direction)
____: long, paired, flat m that extends the length of anterior abdominal wall (from sternum to pelvis)
Rectus abdominus
Each rectus abdominus m. contains __ tendinous intersections
3-4 tendinous intersections
The right and left rectus abdominus m. are separated in the midline by the _____, which consists of the aponeuroses of all of the abdominal oblique m.
Linea Alba
The posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends at the _____
arcuate line
Inferior to the arcuate line, the anterior
abdominal wall is only separated from
the abdominal cavity by a thin layer of
fascia known as the ______
transversalis fascia
True or False: The abdominal WALL is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity
False - the abdominal CAVITY is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity
What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
Identify the peritoneum:
1) ________: outer layer, surrounds wall of abdominal layer
2) ________: inner layer; surrounds abdominal organs
1) Parietal Peritoneum
2) Visceral Peritoneum
What is the function of the serous fluid of the peritoneal cavity?
Allows organs to move freely + change shape
Which viscera is suspended within the peritoneal cavity by mesentaries (folds of peritoneum)?
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
B. Intraperitonal Viscera
C. Retroperitonal Viscera
B. Intraperitonal Viscera
____ convery neurovasculature and lymphatics to/from organs they suspend
Mesentery
Which viscera is located outside of the peritoneal cavity?
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
B. Intraperitonal Viscera
C. Retroperitonal Viscera
C. Retroperitonal Viscera
Which viscera is suspended by mesentery early in development, but later loses their mesenetaries and fuses with abdominal wall?
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
B. Intraperitonal Viscera
C. Retroperitonal Viscera
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
Which viscera is suspended by mesentery early in development, but later loses their mesenetaries and fuses with abdominal wall?
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
B. Intraperitonal Viscera
C. Retroperitonal Viscera
A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera
____: is a large, apron-like omentum
that drapes over the small
intestine and attaches to the
transverse colon
A. Greater Omentum
B. Intermediate Omentum
C. Lesser Omentum
D. Omenta
Greater Omentum
____: double layers of peritoneum; connects stomach and first part of small intestine to other structure in the abdominal cavity
A. Greater Omentum
B. Intermediate Omentum
C. Lesser Omentum
D. Omenta
D. Omenta
Which omentum connects to the liver?
A. Greater Omentum
B. Intermediate Omentum
C. Lesser Omentum
D. Omenta
C. Lesser Omentum
Which omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into two parts: the Lesser Sac and Greater Sac?
A. Greater Omentum
B. Intermediate Omentum
C. Lesser Omentum
D. Omenta
C. Lesser Omentum
Compare and contrast the Lesser and Greater Sac (of the Lesser Omentum)
Lesser Sac - smaller, between stomach and liver
Greater Sac - larger
True or False: The gallbladder, liver, and
sphincter of oddi are accessory digestive organs
True
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Adjacent to kidney
Where are the inferior portion of
ureter and the urinary
bladder located?
Pelvic cavity
What eight organs make up the intraperitoneal viscera?
(hint: PEG S3, L2)
Pancrease
Esophagous
Gallbladder
Small Intestines
Spleen
Stomach
Large Intestines
Liver
What three organs/glands make up the retroperitoneal viscera?
1) Ureters
2) Adrenal Glands
3) Kidneys
What three organs make up the secondarily retroperitoneal viscera?
Large Intestines
Pancreas
Small Intestines
Which two organs are present in both the upper quadrants?
Liver and Pancreas
True or False: Parts of the small and large intestines occupy ALL four quadrants
True
The ureter is located in which two quadrants?
LLQ/RLQ
The spleen and stomach are only located in the ___ quadrant
The gallbladder is only located in the ___ quadrant
LUQ
RUQ
