Lecture 3: Histology III

Question 1

Which connective tissue is the model for fetal bone formation?

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

Is cartilage primarily water or fibers?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

What structure surrounds the cells of the cartilage?

Answer 3

Perichondrium

Question 4

True or False: chrondroblasts produce the matrix and, when mature, chondrocytes lie in the lacunae

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones, forms costal cartilage in ribs, and found in nose/trachea/larynx?
A. Hyaline
B. Elastic
C. Fibrocartilage

Answer 5

A. Hyaline

Question 6

Which cartilage supports the external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis?
A. Hyaline
B. Elastic
C. Fibrocartilage

Answer 6

B. Elastic

Question 7

In addition to containing elastin fibers, elastic cartilage also contains…
A. Type II Collagen
B. Type I Collagen

Answer 7

A. Type II Collagen

Question 8

True or False: Bone is avascular

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Do osteoblasts/osteoids contain more type 1 or type 2 collagen?

Answer 9

Type I Collagen

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Mature bone is organized into ____

Answer 11

osteons

Question 12

___ are the “rings” in osteons

Answer 12

Lamellae

Question 13

____is the outer layer of bone. It is also osteogenic.
A. Periosteum
B. Mesenchyme
C. Perichondrium

Answer 13

A. Periosteum

Question 14

Compact bone is also known as ___ while spongy is also known as ____

Answer 14

Compact: Cortical
Spongy: Cancellous

Question 15

True or False: All bones have an outer shell of compact bone

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which type of bone is formed by a network of branching trabeculae (spikes)?
A. Cancellous
B. Spongy
C. Compact
D. Cortical

Answer 16

A. Cancellous/B. Spongy

Question 17

Which letters correspond to features of a neuron?

1 = neurons respond to stimuli by altering electrical potential differences
2 = electrical potential changes can be spread or propagated throughout neuron (AP)
3 = information is relayed to more neurons via synapses

A. Transmission
B. Irritability/Excitability
C. Conductivity

Answer 17

B = 1
C = 2
A = 3

Question 18

True or False: Glial cells provide metabolic support and have a phagocytic function

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are Nissl substances? Indicates?

Answer 19

Stained organelle of the soma/cell body; indicates metabolically active cell

Question 20

True or False: A neuron can have 0 dendrites

Answer 20

True

Question 21

How many axons per neuron?
A. Many
B. Only 1
C. Hundreds

Answer 21

B. Only 1

Question 22

____: swelling of the terminal/distal end of the axon, is the site where neural signals are transmitted to another neuron or muscle

Answer 22

Terminal ending

Question 23

Where are synaptic vesicles found?

Answer 23

Pre-synaptic neuron

Question 24

Most common neuron? How many axons and dendrites does it have?

Answer 24

Multipolar neurons
- 1 axon
- 2 or more dendrites

Question 25

Which type of neuron have only one axon and one dendrites and are located in special sense areas?

Answer 25

Bipolar neurons

Question 26

Which type of neuron have one process that divides close to the soma into two long processes, both of which are structurally similar to an axon?

Answer 26

Pseudounipolar neurons

Question 27

Where does the afferent end of a pseudounipolar neuron extend to? Efferent end?

Answer 27

Skin/periphery CNS = nerve terminals

Question 28

Which neurons are found in the rods and cones in the retina and has NO dendrites?

Answer 28

Unipolar neuron

Question 29

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 29

31 pairs

Question 30

____: groupings of neuronal cell bodies outside of the CNS

Answer 30

Ganglia

Question 31

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for innervating ____, ____, and ____

Answer 31

Cardiac and Smooth muscle; Glandular epithelium

Question 32

___stem cell is the precursor of RBC's and megakaryocytes

Answer 32

Myeloid stem cells

Question 33

Where does the pluripotent stem cell reside?

Answer 33

Bone marrow

Question 34

True or False: Cartilage is avascular

Answer 34

True (gets nutrition via diffusion)

Question 35

Where is fibrocartilage found? A. External ear B. Pubic symphysis C. IV discs D. Costal rib cartilages E. Epiglottis

Answer 35

C., B.