Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
Epithelium is separated from underlying connective tissue by ____ ____
basement membrane
True or False: Epithelial cells are non-polar
False - they are polar
True or False: Basement membrane of epithelium separates it from and anchors it to underlying connective tissue
True
True or False: Epithelial cells are avascular
True
Where does the apical side of epithelium face? Basal domain?
Apical side face extracellular environment while basal domain is in tact with underlying connective tissue
What type of junctions are found at the APICAL surfaces of epithelial cells and are associated with the fusion of adjacent plasmalemmas?
Tight junctions (ZO)
What cell junction in epithelial cells has a small intercellular space and has a dark, thick plaque in the cytoplasm of each cell adjacent to junction?
Desmosome
Which type of epithelium consist of a single layer of cells? One example is the endothelium of arteries and veins.
Simple squamous epithelium
______ epithelium is formed by a single layer of cube shaped cells. Cells are as wide as they are tall. Nucleus is usually round and centrally located. This cell type is commonly found in ducts.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
_____ ____ epithelium is formed by a single layer of columnar cells. Cells are taller than they are wide. Large nuclei are usually oval and located near base of cell. May have brush or striated border on apical surface, which contain microvilli. These cells are found in intestinal mucosa.
Simple columnar epithelium
________ epithelium is a single layer of cells of different shapes. Nuclei appear at different levels, so epithelium appears layer when it is not. This type of epithelium is commonly associated with CILLIA forming a ciliated border on apical side. These cells are found in olfactory regions.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
_____ epithelium is stratified. It has umbrella cells on luminal surface. Surface cells have rounded appearance, appear bulging. Cells are binucleated. Basal cells contain stem cells.
Transitional Epithelium
Where are transitional epithelium (uroepithelilum) commonly found?
Bladder mucosa
Where is stratified squamous epithelium commonly found?
Oral cavity mucosa
______ epithelium has many layers. Basal cells are cuboidal but cells next to lumen are flat/squamous. Cells in intervening layers change shape (cuboidal to squamous). This type of epithelium can be non-keratinized (meaning: nuclei found in ALL cells layers) or keratinized (layer of dead cells on luminal surface)
Stratified squamous epithelium
What cell type is found in the surface layer of skin (aka: epithelium of epidermis)?
Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized
What type of epithelium has a top layer on its luminal surface that is made of dead cells (top layer may appear shredded since this layer has no nuclei)
Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized
Stratified cuboidal epithelium is usually made up of only __ layers of cells. Cells in both layers are ___ in shape.
Two; cuboidal
Stratified columnar epithelium is made up of layers of cells, with the luminal (top) layer of cells ___ in shape
columnar
Which fibers are the most abundant in connective tissue? What are they made of?
Collagen Fibers
-Made of collagen type I
Elongated nuclei are associated with ___ fibers
collagen
Collagen bundles are __ organized
randomly
Elastic fibers usually appear as random ___ strands
single
Elastic fibers can also lie parallel in large numbers, forming an ___ or ____, as seen in walls of arteries
elastic sheet; elastic lamina
_____ , which are cells of the connective tissue, have an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm. They make collagen and are frequently found adjacent to collagen bundles.
Fibroblasts
____ are spherical or polyhedral in shape and have a thin rim of cytoplasm surrounding a large vacuole. The vacuole contains lipid droplet.
Adipose (fat cells)
What type of connective tissue is found UNDER epithelium (lamina propria), between muscle cells, and around blood vessels and nerves? Note: these cells have a lot of GROUND SUBSTANCE and fewer fibers.
Loose (areolar) CT
The most numerous cell in loose connective tissue are ___. Collagen is present but does not predominate.
fibroblasts
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue has the same components as Loose Connective Tissue, but there are fewer ____ and ___ fibers dominate.
cells (fibroblasts) collagen
note: collagen bundles arranged without definite orientation
What type of connective tissue is found in dermis?
Dense, irregular CT
What type of connective tissue is found in TENDONS and has collagen bundles arranged in PARALLEL with fibroblasts aligned in rows next to collagen bundles?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
_____ connective tissue is a specialized connective tissue predominantely made up adipose cells. The cells are separated by fine CT network containing blood vessels and reticular fibers.
Adipose Connective Tissue
____ are cells in the shape of biconcave discs that are devoid of organelles. The cell cytoplasm contains Hb.
RBC’s
Peripheral Blood Smear will contain predominately ___ with a few mature ____. The majority of cells with be ____
RBC’s ; leukocytes
Anucleated
___ matrix consists of extracellular fibers and ground substance that surrounds chondrocytes
Cartilage Matrix
______ are cavities in the cartilage matrix. Each ___ contains a chondrocyte and is surrounded by matrix.
Lacunae
___ are cells that begin to SYNTHESIZE cartilage matrix while ___ are constituent cells of the cartilage that are embedded in ECM that they secrete.
Chondroblasts; chondrocytes
What type of bone tissue consists of thin bone trabeculae that are occupied by bone marrow and blood vessels?
Spongey (trabecular, cancellous) bone
____ of bone: small spike or needle shaped pieces of bone that connect in spongy bone to form bone scaffolding. They are composed of lamellar bone. The large ones may contain osteons.
Trabeculae of Bone
What type of bone has dense areas without cavities?
Compact Bone
_____ are cylindrical structures that run parallalel to the long axis of the bone
Osteon/Haversian System
Each osteon is formed by a complex of concentric lamellae of bone which surrounds a central canal and the ___ canal
Haversian
____ are the small dark lines that run transversely across lamellae
Caniculi
___ are cells that make organic components of bone. When they are active, they appear as ___ or ___ cells
osteoblasts; cuboidal or columnar cells
____ are derived from osteoblasts and lie in the bone ____ between adjacent lamellae of bone
osteocytes; lacunae
True or False: Only 1 osteocyte is found in each lacuna
True
Osteocytes communicate with each other by sending long processes located in the ____
canaliculi
True or False: Skeletal muscle is striated and has multiple nuclei in periphery
True
___is the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile appartus in skeletal muscle. A ___ runs from Z line to Z line.
Sarcomere
In skeletal muscle ____ is the dark band, consists of myosin with some overlapping actin
A band
In skeletal muscle, ____ is the lighter region in the middle of the A band. It is an area where ONLY myosin is present.
H band
In skeletal muscle ____ Band is the lighter band that consists of actin filaments
I Band
____ Line is the dark line seen in the middle of the I Band. It represents the anchoring point of the actin filaments of two adjacent sarcomeres.
Z Line
True or False: Skeletal muscle has multiple myofibrils within each muscle cell and peripheral nuclei
True
Cardiac muscle, like skeletal, is striated. It has cells called “fibers.” Cells branch and are connected by dark transverse lines known as ____ ___
Intercalated discs
True or false: In cardiac muscle, nuclei are peripherally located
False - nuclei are centrally located
___ muscle, or fibers, are long, spindle shaped cells with THICK middles and tapered ends. Cytoplasm LACKS striations. It has a single centrally located nucleus.
Smooth
_____ Junction consists of teased skeletal muscle fibers. Nerve can be seen as ___ structure. Nervous tissue stains dark brown or black.
NM Junction
Nervous Tissue is supported by ___
glia
The cell body of the neuron is called the ___ or soma
perikaryon
In the neuron, the perikaryon contains large nucleus and many ____ and polyribosomes. These organelles stain DARK BLUE in the cytoplasm and are known as _____ (NB)
rough ER; Nissl substance
What type of neuron has a SINGLE process (which later divides into an axon and dendrite) and is housed in dorsal root ganglia - in the PNS?
Pseudounipolar neurons
Each dorsal root ganglia houses thousand of ____ and ____ cells, which are a type of glial cells found in peripheral ganglia.
pseudounipolar neurons; satellite cells
A ____ is a cluster of neuronal bodies outside of the CNS. It belongs to the peripheral nervous system and can be either ___ or ____
ganglia ; sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia
Sensory ganglia houses ____ while autonomic ganglia houses is made of ____ neurons
pseudounipolar neurons; multipolar
True or False: Sensory ganglia are associated with spinal nerves and some cranial nerves
True
What type of neurons are almost always seen as peripheral neuroreceptors and are associated with special senses?
Bipolar Neurons
What neurons are the MOST common and are characterized as having a SINGLE axon and multiple dendrites?
Multipolar Neurons
What are three types of supporting glial cells?
1) Microglia
2) Astrocytes
3) Oligodendrites
What cells are responsible for forming myelin sheath in CNS?
Oligodendrites
What cells are the largest glial cells?
Astrocytes
___ are small phagocytic cells w hyperchromatic nuclei.
Microglia
What type of cells surround and support unmyelinated axons in the PNS?
Schwann cells
___ is a group of neurons in the PNS
Ganglion
___ cells surround and nourish nerve cell bodies in ganglia
Satellite cells
