L23: Urinary System Flashcards
What are the four major components of the urinary system?
Kidney
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Which body system produces, collects, and stores prior to micturition?
Urinary System
True or False: The Urinary System maintains homeostasis via the removal of excess water, salts, and metabolic waste products from blood
True
The Urinary System spans which two cavities?
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
The kidneys are located from __ to ___ vertebral levels
T12-L3
Which is lower than the other due to the presence of the liver: the left or the right kidney?
Right kidney is slight lower (due to liver)
Since the kidneys develop and remain outside of the peritoneal cavity, they are considered to be ____ viscera
Retroperitoneal viscera
The kidneys are located in the upper left and right quadrant of the ___ ___ wall
posterior abdominal wall
Which structure in the kidney does the renal artery/vein, as well as the ureter pass to/from?
Hilum
External to the renal capsule is a layer of perirenal fat, which is surrounded by ___
renal fascia
___ is the layer between the renal capsule and the renal medulla
___ is the site of filtration
A. Renal columns
B. Renal papilla
C. Major calyx
D. Renal Cortex
D. Renal Cortex
_____: extension of the renal cortex that project inward between medullary segments
A. Renal columns
B. Renal papilla
C. Major calyx
D. Renal Cortex
A. Renal columns
____ contains the renal pyramids
A. Renal columns
B. Renal papilla
C. Major calyx
D. Renal Cortex
E. Renal Medulla
E. Renal Medulla
___ is the apex of the renal pyramid opening into the urine collecting system
Renal papilla
Which calyx is responsible for draining one renal papilla?
Minor Calyx
True or False: The major calyx receives urine from several minor calices
True
Which structure receives urine from the major calices, leading to the ureter?
Renal Pelvis
The renal a. comes off the _____
abdominal aorta
Which renal artery is LONGER and passes posterior to the IVC?
Right renal artery is longer than the left and passes posterior to the IVC
Which renal vein is longer, passes anterior to the aorta, and inferior to the superior mesenteric a.
The left renal vein
Where does the renal v drain into?
IVC
___: muscular tubes that transport urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder via peristalsis
Ureter
True or False: The ureter is retroperitoneal viscera
True
The ureters descend inferiorly along the ___ m.
through the ___ crossing over the
____ a., just past the bifurcation with
the internal iliac a.
psoas major ; pelvic inlet; external iliac a.
The ureter continues along the lateral pelvic wall, coursing ____ to enter the ___
aspect of the urinary bladder.
medially ; posterior
In males, the ureter course under the ____;
In females, the ureter courses under the ____
ductus deferens
uterine a.
What are the three primary sites of constriction/potential
sites of obstruction (from kidney stones)?
- Junction of renal pelvis & ureters
- Crossing of pelvic inlet
- At passage into urinary bladder wall
Which arteries supply branches to the ureters?
- Renal aa.
- Gonadal aa.
- Abdominal aorta
- Common & Internal iliac aa.
- Uterine aa. (females)
- Inferior vesicular aa. (males)
Where do the veins of the ureter ultimately drain?
IVC
____: Muscular, three-sided pyramidal organ for urine storage located in the pelvic cavity
Urinary Bladder
True or False: The urinary bladder expands into the abdominal cavity when full potentially to the level of the umbilicus.
True
What type of muscle makes up the urinary bladder?
detrusor muscle
Apex with ____: an embryological
remnant continuing to the umbilicus.
median umbilical ligament
Which structure of the bladder is where the ureters enter?
Fundus – opposite the apex through which the ureters
enter
___: Smooth triangular area on the internal surface
between openings of the ureters (____) and
urethra (____).
Tigon; ureteric orifices; internal urethral orifice
Inferolateral surfaces of the urinary bladder rests on the ____.
pelvic diaphragm
The base (fundus) of the urinary bladder is
associated
with ____ (males) or
___ (females)
rectum; vagina
The apex of the urinary bladder is associated with the ___ ___
pubic symphysis
The superior surface of the urinary bladder is in contact
with abdominal ____
peritoneum and ___
(females)
parietal ; uterus
Which artery supplies the bladder?
A. External Iliac a.
B. Common Iliac a
C. Internal Iliac a.
C. Internal Iliac a.
Which a. branch of the internal iliac a?
1) Superior vesicular
2a) Males - inferior vesicular
2b) Females - vaginal a
The urethra is a conduit for urine, beginning at the base of the bladder, specifically the _____ orfice and terminating externally at the _____ orfice
internal urethral orifice; external urethral orifice
The urethra has two sphincters:
1) the internal urethral sphincter
2) the external urethral
sphincter
Which contains smooth muscle and is involuntary? Which contains skeletal muscle and is voluntary?
Ext. urethral sphincter = skeletal m/voluntary
Internal urethral sphincter =
smooth m/involuntary
Compare and contrast the urethra in males and females:
Females
Compare and contrast the length of the urethra in males and females:
Males = long
Females = short
In the female, the urethra
travels inferiorly along a slight
curve through the ___ and ___
and exits anterior to the
vaginal opening in the ____
pelvic floor and perineum; vestibule
What are the four partitions of the male urethra?
In males, the spongy part of the urethra is surrounded by the ____ ___ of the penis
corpus spongiosum
Which of the male urethral partitions is the opening for ejaculatory &
prostatic ducts ?
A. Pre-prostatic
B. Prostatic
C. Membranous
D. Spongy
B. Prostatic
Which arteries branch of the internal iliac?
1) Internal pudendal aa.
2a) Vaginal aa. (female)
2b) Inferior vesicular aa. (males)
3a). Middle rectal aa. (males)
What is the path that urine flows?
