L11: Thoracic Wall I Flashcards
What are some of the organs located within the thoracic wall?
Heart
Lungs
Thymus
Trachea
Esophagus
What structures make up the lateral, anterior, posterior, and inferior boundaries of the thoracic wall?
Lateral = ribs and intercostal spaces
Posterior = thoracic vertebrate and IV discs
Anterior = sternum
Inferior = inferior thoracic apeture
What is the superior thoracic aperture formed from?
What is the inferior thoracic aperture formed from?
Superior:
-T1 vertebra
-First ribs
-Sternum
Inferior:
-T12 vertebra
-Ribs 11-12
-Costal margins
-Sternum
The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture
inferior
The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture
inferior
The intercostal spaces extend from ____ (posteriorly) to the ___ (anteriorly)
The intercostal spaces extend from vertebral column (posteriorly) to the sternum (anteriorly)
What three things does each intercostal space contain?
Intercostal muscles, vessels, and nerves
Four major functions of the thoracic wall?
1) Respiration
2) Protection
3) Support weight of upper limb
4) Muscle attachment
Increases in thoracic wall dimensions causes an increase in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to INSPIRATION
Decreases in thoracic wall dimensions causes a decrease in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to EXHALATION
decreases ; increases
Changes in thoracic wall dimensions are produced by the coordinated movements of the:
1) Ribs and sternum
2) Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm
True or False: Contraction of thoraco-abdominal diaphragm causes it to descend, which INCREASES vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity
True
Rib elevation (bucket handle movement) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall
TRANVERSE
Sternum elevation (pump handle moevment) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
“Passive recoil of lungs and thoracic wall” is a feature of which process:
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
What type of respiration requires assistance from accessory muscles of respiration?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration
D. Active Inspiration
What type of respiration requires assistance from abdominal muscles (also known as belly breathing)?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration
A. Active Exhalation
Which type of respiration is primarily a result of contraction/descent of diaphragm?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration
B. Quiet Inspiration
The thoracic wall consists of what three bones/structure?
1) Sternum
2) Thoracic vertebrate
3) Ribs and costal cartilage
True or False: Ribs 1-7 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle
False - ribs 2-9 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12 pairs
What is the most curved portion of the body of the rib?
What is the thin, flattened portion of the rib that attaches anteriorly to costal cartilage?
The angle
The body
True or False: The tubercle of the rub articulates posteriorly with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra
False - The tubercle of the rub articulates ANTERIORLY with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra
Where does the head of the rib articulate with?
Vertebral body of same numbered thoracic vertebrate
The ______ of the rib transmits the intercostal nerve and vessels
Costal Groove
Costal cartilages extend from the anterior ends of the ribs and contributes to ___ of thoracic wall
elasticity
Which ribs attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages?
A. True Ribs
B. False Ribs
C. Floating Ribs
A. True Ribs
False Ribs attach to the sternum via the _____ of the next superior rib
costal cartilage
_____: short ribs with rudimentary
cartilages with no attachment to sternum
FLOATING RIBS
____: flat bone in the midline of the
anterior thoracic wall
Sternum
What are the three parts of the sternum?
The breast is located on the ____ thoracic wall
wall on either side lateral to the sternum
anterior
Vertical extent of the breast extends from ___
rib 2 to rib 6
True or False: The transverse extent of the breast extends from the lateral of
the sternum to the anterior border of the axilla
True
_____: extension of breast
that continues superiorly and laterally
_____: the centrally located area on
breast where the lactiferous ducts empty
_____: the circular, pigmented area
surrounding the nipple
Axillary process (tail)
Nipple
Areola
_____: modified sweat gland that produces
milk; consists of glandular tissue surrounded by adipose
Mammary gland
Each breast contains approximately ___ mammary gland lobules
15-20
True or False: The mammary gland lobules comprise the functional part of the mammary gland
True
Mammary gland lobules are supported by _____, which anchors the mammary glands to skin
Suspensory Ligaments
Each lobule of the breast is drained by a _____, which opens independently onto the nipple
Lactiferous Duct
Each lactiferous duct has a _____, which is a
dilated portion just deep to the nipple
lactiferous sinus
Which joints produce the primary movements that change the dimensions of the thoracic cavity?
Costovertebral Joints
The joint of the head of the rib is located between the ____ of the ribs and the ___
heads; thoracic vertebral bodies
Which joint is located between the tubercles of the ribs and the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?
Costotransverse joint
Which joint is found between the costal
cartilages of ribs 6-10?
A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints
A. Interchondral joints
Which joint is located between each rib
and its corresponding costal cartilage?
A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints
C. Costochondral joints
Which joint is found between the sternum
and medial ends of costal cartilages?
A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
True or False: The costochondral and interchondral joints, as well as the sternocostal joints exhibit a great deal of movement and increase overall elasticity/mobility of thoracic wall
False - While the inter/costochondral joints + sternocostal joints do increase overall
elasticity/mobility of the thoracic wall, they exhibit VERY LITTLE movement
_____: three layers
of muscles spanning the intercostal
spaces; attached to superior and inferior
borders of consecutive ribs
Intercostal muscles
Function of intercostal muscles?
Elevate/depress ribs during respiration
What are the three types of intercostal muscles?
External
Internal
Innermost
Which intercostal is only present
laterally? posteriorly? anteriorly?
Innermost = laterally
Internal = anteriorly
External = posteriorly
Which two intercostal muscles have fibers that are oriented posteriorly and inferiorly?
Internal and innermost intercostal muscles
True or False: The transversus thoracis muscle and the subcostal muscle primarily function in moving ribs during respiration
True
Which muscle is attached
superiorly to the angles of the inferior-
most ribs and inferiorly to the superior
surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior?
Which muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6?
Transversus thoracis muscle: attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
Subcostal muscle: attached superiorly to the angles of the inferior-most ribs and inferiorly to the superior surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior
Label the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm:
What is the sternal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?
What is the costal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?
Sternal origin - xiphoid process
Costal origin - lower six
costal cartilages/lower two
ribs
Which crus arises from the
vertebral bodies and discs of
L1-L3; usually larger?
Which crus arises from
vertebral bodies and discs of
L1-L2; usually smaller
Right crus arises from v bodies and L1-3 discs/is usually larger
Left crus arises from v bodies too (and L1-2 discs)/is usually smaller
What three structures pass through the diaphragm?
1) IVC
2) Esophagus
3) Aorta
