L11: Thoracic Wall I Flashcards by Katlyn Heneghan

What are some of the organs located within the thoracic wall?

Heart
Lungs
Thymus
Trachea
Esophagus

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What structures make up the lateral, anterior, posterior, and inferior boundaries of the thoracic wall?

Lateral = ribs and intercostal spaces

Posterior = thoracic vertebrate and IV discs

Anterior = sternum

Inferior = inferior thoracic apeture

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What is the superior thoracic aperture formed from?

What is the inferior thoracic aperture formed from?

Superior:
-T1 vertebra
-First ribs
-Sternum

Inferior:
-T12 vertebra
-Ribs 11-12
-Costal margins
-Sternum

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The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture

inferior

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The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture

inferior

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The intercostal spaces extend from ____ (posteriorly) to the ___ (anteriorly)

The intercostal spaces extend from vertebral column (posteriorly) to the sternum (anteriorly)

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What three things does each intercostal space contain?

Intercostal muscles, vessels, and nerves

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Four major functions of the thoracic wall?

1) Respiration
2) Protection
3) Support weight of upper limb
4) Muscle attachment

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Increases in thoracic wall dimensions causes an increase in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to INSPIRATION

Decreases in thoracic wall dimensions causes a decrease in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to EXHALATION

decreases ; increases

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Changes in thoracic wall dimensions are produced by the coordinated movements of the:

1) Ribs and sternum
2) Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm

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True or False: Contraction of thoraco-abdominal diaphragm causes it to descend, which INCREASES vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity

True

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Rib elevation (bucket handle movement) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall

TRANVERSE

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Sternum elevation (pump handle moevment) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

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“Passive recoil of lungs and thoracic wall” is a feature of which process:
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

C. Quiet Exhalation

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What type of respiration requires assistance from accessory muscles of respiration?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

D. Active Inspiration

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What type of respiration requires assistance from abdominal muscles (also known as belly breathing)?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

A. Active Exhalation

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Which type of respiration is primarily a result of contraction/descent of diaphragm?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

B. Quiet Inspiration

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The thoracic wall consists of what three bones/structure?

1) Sternum
2) Thoracic vertebrate
3) Ribs and costal cartilage

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True or False: Ribs 1-7 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle

False - ribs 2-9 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle

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How many pairs of ribs are there?

12 pairs

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What is the most curved portion of the body of the rib?

What is the thin, flattened portion of the rib that attaches anteriorly to costal cartilage?

The angle

The body

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True or False: The tubercle of the rub articulates posteriorly with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra

False - The tubercle of the rub articulates ANTERIORLY with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra

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Where does the head of the rib articulate with?

Vertebral body of same numbered thoracic vertebrate

The ______ of the rib transmits the intercostal nerve and vessels

Costal Groove

Costal cartilages extend from the anterior ends of the ribs and contributes to ___ of thoracic wall

elasticity

Which ribs attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages? A. True Ribs B. False Ribs C. Floating Ribs

A. True Ribs

False Ribs attach to the sternum via the _____ of the next superior rib

costal cartilage

_____: short ribs with rudimentary cartilages with no attachment to sternum

FLOATING RIBS

____: flat bone in the midline of the anterior thoracic wall

Sternum

What are the three parts of the sternum?

The breast is located on the ____ thoracic wall wall on either side lateral to the sternum

Vertical extent of the breast extends from ___

rib 2 to rib 6

True or False: The transverse extent of the breast extends from the lateral of the sternum to the anterior border of the axilla

True

_____: extension of breast that continues superiorly and laterally _____: the centrally located area on breast where the lactiferous ducts empty _____: the circular, pigmented area surrounding the nipple

Axillary process (tail) Nipple Areola

_____: modified sweat gland that produces milk; consists of glandular tissue surrounded by adipose

Mammary gland

Each breast contains approximately ___ mammary gland lobules

15-20

True or False: The mammary gland lobules comprise the functional part of the mammary gland

True

Mammary gland lobules are supported by _____, which anchors the mammary glands to skin

Suspensory Ligaments

Each lobule of the breast is drained by a _____, which opens independently onto the nipple

Lactiferous Duct

Each lactiferous duct has a _____, which is a dilated portion just deep to the nipple

lactiferous sinus

Which joints produce the primary movements that change the dimensions of the thoracic cavity?

Costovertebral Joints

The joint of the head of the rib is located between the ____ of the ribs and the ___

heads; thoracic vertebral bodies

Which joint is located between the tubercles of the ribs and the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

Costotransverse joint

Which joint is found between the costal cartilages of ribs 6-10? A. Interchondral joints B. Sternocostal joints C. Costochondral joints

A. Interchondral joints

Which joint is located between each rib and its corresponding costal cartilage? A. Interchondral joints B. Sternocostal joints C. Costochondral joints

C. Costochondral joints

Which joint is found between the sternum and medial ends of costal cartilages? A. Interchondral joints B. Sternocostal joints C. Costochondral joints

B. Sternocostal joints

True or False: The costochondral and interchondral joints, as well as the sternocostal joints exhibit a great deal of movement and increase overall elasticity/mobility of thoracic wall

False - While the inter/costochondral joints + sternocostal joints do increase overall elasticity/mobility of the thoracic wall, they exhibit VERY LITTLE movement

_____: three layers of muscles spanning the intercostal spaces; attached to superior and inferior borders of consecutive ribs

Intercostal muscles

Function of intercostal muscles?

Elevate/depress ribs during respiration

What are the three types of intercostal muscles?

External Internal Innermost

Which intercostal is only present laterally? posteriorly? anteriorly?

Innermost = laterally Internal = anteriorly External = posteriorly

Which two intercostal muscles have fibers that are oriented posteriorly and inferiorly?

Internal and innermost intercostal muscles

True or False: The transversus thoracis muscle and the subcostal muscle primarily function in moving ribs during respiration

True

Which muscle is attached superiorly to the angles of the inferior- most ribs and inferiorly to the superior surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior? Which muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6?

Transversus thoracis muscle: attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Subcostal muscle: attached superiorly to the angles of the inferior-most ribs and inferiorly to the superior surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior

Label the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm:

What is the sternal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm? What is the costal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?

Sternal origin - xiphoid process Costal origin - lower six costal cartilages/lower two ribs

Which crus arises from the vertebral bodies and discs of L1-L3; usually larger? Which crus arises from vertebral bodies and discs of L1-L2; usually smaller

Right crus arises from v bodies and L1-3 discs/is usually larger Left crus arises from v bodies too (and L1-2 discs)/is usually smaller

What three structures pass through the diaphragm?

1) IVC 2) Esophagus 3) Aorta