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Anatomy > L11: Thoracic Wall I > Flashcards

L11: Thoracic Wall I Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the organs located within the thoracic wall?

A

Heart
Lungs
Thymus
Trachea
Esophagus

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2
Q

What structures make up the lateral, anterior, posterior, and inferior boundaries of the thoracic wall?

A

Lateral = ribs and intercostal spaces

Posterior = thoracic vertebrate and IV discs

Anterior = sternum

Inferior = inferior thoracic apeture

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3
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture formed from?

What is the inferior thoracic aperture formed from?

A

Superior:
-T1 vertebra
-First ribs
-Sternum

Inferior:
-T12 vertebra
-Ribs 11-12
-Costal margins
-Sternum

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4
Q

The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

inferior

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4
Q

The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm attaches along the ____ border of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

inferior

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5
Q

The intercostal spaces extend from ____ (posteriorly) to the ___ (anteriorly)

A

The intercostal spaces extend from vertebral column (posteriorly) to the sternum (anteriorly)

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6
Q

What three things does each intercostal space contain?

A

Intercostal muscles, vessels, and nerves

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7
Q

Four major functions of the thoracic wall?

A

1) Respiration
2) Protection
3) Support weight of upper limb
4) Muscle attachment

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8
Q

Increases in thoracic wall dimensions causes an increase in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to INSPIRATION

Decreases in thoracic wall dimensions causes a decrease in volume, which ____ pressure, leading to EXHALATION

A

decreases ; increases

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9
Q

Changes in thoracic wall dimensions are produced by the coordinated movements of the:

A

1) Ribs and sternum
2) Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm

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10
Q

True or False: Contraction of thoraco-abdominal diaphragm causes it to descend, which INCREASES vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity

A

True

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11
Q

Rib elevation (bucket handle movement) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall

A

TRANVERSE

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12
Q

Sternum elevation (pump handle moevment) increases the ___ dimensions of the thoracic wall

A

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

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13
Q

“Passive recoil of lungs and thoracic wall” is a feature of which process:
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

A

C. Quiet Exhalation

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14
Q

What type of respiration requires assistance from accessory muscles of respiration?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

A

D. Active Inspiration

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15
Q

What type of respiration requires assistance from abdominal muscles (also known as belly breathing)?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

A

A. Active Exhalation

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16
Q

Which type of respiration is primarily a result of contraction/descent of diaphragm?
A. Active Exhalation
B. Quiet Inspiration
C. Quiet Exhalation
D. Active Inspiration

A

B. Quiet Inspiration

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17
Q

The thoracic wall consists of what three bones/structure?

A

1) Sternum
2) Thoracic vertebrate
3) Ribs and costal cartilage

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18
Q

True or False: Ribs 1-7 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle

A

False - ribs 2-9 have a head, neck, tubercle, body, and angle

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19
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What is the most curved portion of the body of the rib?

What is the thin, flattened portion of the rib that attaches anteriorly to costal cartilage?

A

The angle

The body

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

True or False: The tubercle of the rub articulates posteriorly with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra

A

False - The tubercle of the rub articulates ANTERIORLY with the transverse process of the same numbered thoracic vertebra

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23
Q

Where does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

Vertebral body of same numbered thoracic vertebrate

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24
Q

The ______ of the rib transmits the intercostal nerve and vessels

A

Costal Groove

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25
Q

Costal cartilages extend from the anterior ends of the ribs and contributes to ___ of thoracic wall

A

elasticity

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26
Q
A
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27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q

Which ribs attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages?
A. True Ribs
B. False Ribs
C. Floating Ribs

A

A. True Ribs

30
Q

False Ribs attach to the sternum via the _____ of the next superior rib

A

costal cartilage

31
Q

_____: short ribs with rudimentary
cartilages with no attachment to sternum

A

FLOATING RIBS

32
Q

____: flat bone in the midline of the
anterior thoracic wall

A

Sternum

33
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A
34
Q
A
35
Q

The breast is located on the ____ thoracic wall
wall on either side lateral to the sternum

A

anterior

36
Q

Vertical extent of the breast extends from ___

A

rib 2 to rib 6

37
Q

True or False: The transverse extent of the breast extends from the lateral of
the sternum to the anterior border of the axilla

A

True

38
Q

_____: extension of breast
that continues superiorly and laterally

_____: the centrally located area on
breast where the lactiferous ducts empty

_____: the circular, pigmented area
surrounding the nipple

A

Axillary process (tail)
Nipple
Areola

39
Q

_____: modified sweat gland that produces
milk; consists of glandular tissue surrounded by adipose

A

Mammary gland

40
Q

Each breast contains approximately ___ mammary gland lobules

A

15-20

41
Q

True or False: The mammary gland lobules comprise the functional part of the mammary gland

A

True

42
Q

Mammary gland lobules are supported by _____, which anchors the mammary glands to skin

A

Suspensory Ligaments

43
Q

Each lobule of the breast is drained by a _____, which opens independently onto the nipple

A

Lactiferous Duct

44
Q

Each lactiferous duct has a _____, which is a
dilated portion just deep to the nipple

A

lactiferous sinus

45
Q
A
46
Q

Which joints produce the primary movements that change the dimensions of the thoracic cavity?

A

Costovertebral Joints

47
Q

The joint of the head of the rib is located between the ____ of the ribs and the ___

A

heads; thoracic vertebral bodies

48
Q

Which joint is located between the tubercles of the ribs and the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costotransverse joint

49
Q
A
50
Q

Which joint is found between the costal
cartilages of ribs 6-10?

A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints

A

A. Interchondral joints

51
Q

Which joint is located between each rib
and its corresponding costal cartilage?

A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints

A

C. Costochondral joints

52
Q

Which joint is found between the sternum
and medial ends of costal cartilages?

A. Interchondral joints
B. Sternocostal joints
C. Costochondral joints

A

B. Sternocostal joints

53
Q

True or False: The costochondral and interchondral joints, as well as the sternocostal joints exhibit a great deal of movement and increase overall elasticity/mobility of thoracic wall

A

False - While the inter/costochondral joints + sternocostal joints do increase overall
elasticity/mobility of the thoracic wall, they exhibit VERY LITTLE movement

54
Q

_____: three layers
of muscles spanning the intercostal
spaces; attached to superior and inferior
borders of consecutive ribs

A

Intercostal muscles

55
Q

Function of intercostal muscles?

A

Elevate/depress ribs during respiration

56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q

What are the three types of intercostal muscles?

A

External
Internal
Innermost

60
Q

Which intercostal is only present
laterally? posteriorly? anteriorly?

A

Innermost = laterally
Internal = anteriorly
External = posteriorly

61
Q

Which two intercostal muscles have fibers that are oriented posteriorly and inferiorly?

A

Internal and innermost intercostal muscles

62
Q

True or False: The transversus thoracis muscle and the subcostal muscle primarily function in moving ribs during respiration

A

True

63
Q

Which muscle is attached
superiorly to the angles of the inferior-
most ribs and inferiorly to the superior
surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior?

Which muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6?

A

Transversus thoracis muscle: attached to the posterior surface of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6

Subcostal muscle: attached superiorly to the angles of the inferior-most ribs and inferiorly to the superior surfaces of ribs 2-3 spaces inferior

64
Q

Label the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm:

A
65
Q
A
66
Q

What is the sternal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?

What is the costal origin of the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?

A

Sternal origin - xiphoid process

Costal origin - lower six
costal cartilages/lower two
ribs

67
Q

Which crus arises from the
vertebral bodies and discs of
L1-L3; usually larger?

Which crus arises from
vertebral bodies and discs of
L1-L2; usually smaller

A

Right crus arises from v bodies and L1-3 discs/is usually larger

Left crus arises from v bodies too (and L1-2 discs)/is usually smaller

68
Q

What three structures pass through the diaphragm?

A

1) IVC
2) Esophagus
3) Aorta

69
Q
A
70
Q
A

Anatomy (28 decks)

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