Lecture 5: Circulatory System Flashcards by Katlyn Heneghan

True or False: Arteries typically take blood AWAY from the heart while veins typically transport blood TOWARDS the heart

True

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The following are examples of what type of arteries?
- Aorta
- Branchiocephalic and Pulmonary Trunk
- Left subclavian/Left common carotid arteries
A. Large arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Small arteries

A. Large arteries

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Which arteries are elastic and directly receive the CO and are subject to high pressure?
A. Small arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Large arteries

Large arteries

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The vertebral and external carotid arteries are examples of which type of arteries?

Medium arteries

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Which arteries distribute blood to the arterioles?
A. Small arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Large arteries

A. Small arteries

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____ are major determinant of systemic BP and act as resistance vessels

Arterioles

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____ are communications between multiple arterial branches, provide potential detours for blood flow. Usually increase in size, providing collateral circulation to structures distal to blockage.

Anastomoses

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Which arteries do NOT anastomose with other arteries?
A. Functional end arteries
B. Terminal end arteries

B. Terminal end arteries

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Which eye structure is supplied by the true terminal arteries?

The retina

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Which terminal arteries supply segments of the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestines?
A. Functional End Arteries
B. Terminal End Arteries

A. Functional End Arteries

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How do you palpate the peripheral arteries?

Palpate over the carotid, brachial, radial, and femoral

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___: a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

___ is a form of arteriosclerosis associated with fatty plaques in arterial walls

Arteriosclerosis

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Resulting arterial narrowing may lead to formation of intravascular clot (___), which may occlude artery or enter blood stream and block smaller distance vessels as a ___

thrombus, embolus

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True or False: Veins are more numerous than arteries and venous anastomoses occur more often than arterial anastomoses

True

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______: veins that accompany deep arteries and form a branching network surrounding the artery

Accompanying veins/venae comitantes

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What are the smallest veins that drain capillary beds?

Venules

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What type of veins drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries?
A. Small and medium veins
B. Medium and large veins
C. Large veins only

A. Small and medium veins

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What type of veins contain venous valves (permit blood to flow toward the heart, not in reverse)?

Small and medium veins

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What type of veins are cephalic, basilic, great, and small saphenous veins?
A. Small and medium veins
B. Large veins
C. Accompanying veins

A. Small and medium veins

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Superior and Inferior Vena Cava are examples of what sized veins?

Large veins (get blood from medium veins)

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What type of veins have incompetent valves?

Varicose veins

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True or False: Blood capillaries connect arterioles and venules and are arranged in capillary bed

True

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_____: Direct connections between arterioles and venules that permits blood to pass directly from arterial to venous circulation

Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA)

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True or False: AVA’s play a role in thermoregulation

True

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A _____ system links two capillary beds

Portal Venous System

As arteries branch, their lumen ___ in diameter. As veins converge, their lumen ___ in diameter

decreases; increases

Do veins have a larger or smaller diameter compared to artery? Do veins have a thinner or thicker wall, compared to artery?

Large diameter; thinner walls

Veins have a relatively thick ______

tunica adventitia

Capillaries are made of ____ cells, separated from connective tissue by a basement membrane

endothelial

What are two major venous portal systems?

1) Hepatic 2) Pituitary gland

In ___ circulation, low oxygen blood is returned from systemic circulation to right atrium, then right ventricle of the heart. Following this, blood flow to the lungs via the ___ that branches into the left and right ____ arteries.

Pulmonary circulation; pulmonary trunk; pulmonary arteries

CO2 is exchanged for O2 in the lung ____. O2 rich blood returns to the left atrium via the ____ veins

capillaries; pulmonary veins

In ____ circulation, the left ventricle of the heart receives O2 rich blood from the ___ and propels it into the aorta, through the arteries, to the capillaries.

systemic circulation, left atrium

Systemic veins return oxygen poor blood to the ___ of the heart via the ___ and ____

right atrium; superior/inferior VC

Arterial distribution to head/brain? Venous distribution to head/brain?

Arterial: R SIDE: Aorta →Brachiocephalic Trunk→Right Common Carotid→Vertebral Arteries L SIDE: Aorta →Left Common Carotid→Vertebral Arteries Venous: Internal Jugular Veins→Brachiocephalic Veins→Superior Vena Cava

Arterial distribution to right and left upper limbs? Venous distribution to upper limbs?

Arterial R SIDE: Aorta→Brachiocephalic Trunk→Right Subclavian Artery→Axillary Artery L SIDE: Aorta→Left Subclavian Artery→Axillary Artery Venous: Axillary veins→subclavian veins→brachiocephalic veins→ SVC

Arterial distribution to heart? Venous distribution to heart?

Arterial: Aorta→Coronary Arteries Venous: Coronary veins→right atrium

Arterial distribution to kidneys? Venous distribution to kidneys?

Arterial: Abdominal aorta → Renal Arteries Venous: Renal Veins → IVC

Arterial Distribution to stomach/liver/spleen? Arterial Distribution to small intestine and part of large intestine? Arterial Distribution to part of the large intestine?

Abdominal Aorta→Celiac Trunk Abdominal Aorta→Superior Mesenteric Artery Abdominal Aorta→Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Venous distribution for most of the abdomen and part of the GI tract/spleen?

Portal hepatic vein→hepatic veins→IVC

Arterial distribution to pelvis/perineum? Venous distribution to pelvis/perineum?

Aorta→common iliac artery→ internal iliac artery Internal Iliac Veins→Common Iliac Veins→IVC

Arterial distribution to lower limbs?

Aorta→Common Iliac Arteries→External Iliac Arteries→Femoral Arteries

Venous distribution to lower limbs?

femoral veins (deep) → external iliac veins → common iliac veins → IVC

Which vein receives all venous blood from abdominal GI organs and spleen?

Portal Hepatic Vein

Blood passes through the liver and returns via the hepatic veins to the ____

Inferior vena cava

Blockage in one of the small branches of the pulmonary arteries can lead to what condition?

pulmonary embolism

_____: made up of lymphatic capillaries and vessels that drain lymph and filtered in through lymph nodes before returning it to blood stream

Lymphatic system

_____: networks of lymphatic capillaries that originate blindly in extracellular spaces of most tissues

Lymphatic plexuses

Where are lymphatic capillaries commonly located?

1) Dermis 2) Mucous membranes of digestive/respiratory systems

True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are found in the bone marrow, brain, and avascular tissues

False - Lymphatic capillaries are NOT found in the bone marrow, brain, and avascular tissues

True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are located in tooth pulp

True

True or False: Superficial lymphatic vessels are more numerous than other veins in the subcutaneous tissues

True

True or False: Superficial lymphatic vessels drain into deep lymphatic vessels that accompany arteries and receive drainage of internal organs

True

Where does the majority of lymph enter the venous system? Via which duct?

Left side (junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular vein) Thoracic duct

____: carries lymph from left side of head and neck A. Left jugular trunk B. Left subclavian trunk C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk

A. Left jugular trunk

____: carries lymph from the left upper limb and superficial tissues of the left half of the thoracoabdominal wall (including left breast) A. Left jugular trunk B. Left subclavian trunk C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk

B. Left subclavian trunk

____: carries lymph from part of the left thoracic wall, the left cupola of diaphragm, the left lung, bronchi, and trachea, most of esophagous and heart A. Left jugular trunk B. Left subclavian trunk C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk

C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk

On the right, the three lymphatic trunks usually open independently or join, forming the ________ A. Right Jugular Trunk B. Right Lymphatic Duct C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk

B. Right Lymphatic Duct

_____: carries lymph from right side of the head and neck A. Right Jugular Trunk B. Right Subclavian Trunk C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk

A. Right Jugular Trunk

______: carries lymph from the right upper limb and superficial tissues of the right half of the thoracoabdominal wall (including right breast) A. Right Jugular Trunk B. Right Subclavian Trunk C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk

B. Right Subclavian Trunk

____: carries lymph from part of right thoracic wall, the right cupola of diaphragm, the right lung, bronchi/trachea, part of esophagus, and part of "right" heart A. Right Jugular Trunk B. Right Subclavian Trunk C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk

C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk

Lymph from the _____ lymph nodes drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

What are the four groups of superficial lymph nodes around the base of the head?

1) Submental 2) Submandibular 3) Parotid 4) Occipital

Which vein receives most of the venous blood from the abdominal, gastrointestinal organs, and the spleen? A. IVC B. SVC C. Hepatic portal vein

C. Hepatic portal vein

From the hepatic portal vein, blood passes through the liver and returns via the hepatic veins to the ______

Inferior vena cava

What type of veins are the small and great saphenous veins? A. Deep B. Superficial C. Medial

B. Superficial

Disruption of lymphatic drainage after the removal of axillary lymph nodes can lead to _____

Lymphedema

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the ___ and ____

IVC/SVC

After deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium→right ventricle→pulmonary trunk (splits into the left and right ____)→lungs

left and right pulmonary arteries

Which structure of the heart takes O2 blood from lungs and returns it to the left atrium? ****

Pulmonary arteries