Lecture 5: Circulatory System Flashcards
True or False: Arteries typically take blood AWAY from the heart while veins typically transport blood TOWARDS the heart
True
The following are examples of what type of arteries?
- Aorta
- Branchiocephalic and Pulmonary Trunk
- Left subclavian/Left common carotid arteries
A. Large arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Small arteries
A. Large arteries
Which arteries are elastic and directly receive the CO and are subject to high pressure?
A. Small arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Large arteries
Large arteries
The vertebral and external carotid arteries are examples of which type of arteries?
Medium arteries
Which arteries distribute blood to the arterioles?
A. Small arteries
B. Medium arteries
C. Large arteries
A. Small arteries
____ are major determinant of systemic BP and act as resistance vessels
Arterioles
____ are communications between multiple arterial branches, provide potential detours for blood flow. Usually increase in size, providing collateral circulation to structures distal to blockage.
Anastomoses
Which arteries do NOT anastomose with other arteries?
A. Functional end arteries
B. Terminal end arteries
B. Terminal end arteries
Which eye structure is supplied by the true terminal arteries?
The retina
Which terminal arteries supply segments of the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestines?
A. Functional End Arteries
B. Terminal End Arteries
A. Functional End Arteries
How do you palpate the peripheral arteries?
Palpate over the carotid, brachial, radial, and femoral
___: a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
___ is a form of arteriosclerosis associated with fatty plaques in arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
Resulting arterial narrowing may lead to formation of intravascular clot (___), which may occlude artery or enter blood stream and block smaller distance vessels as a ___
thrombus, embolus
True or False: Veins are more numerous than arteries and venous anastomoses occur more often than arterial anastomoses
True
______: veins that accompany deep arteries and form a branching network surrounding the artery
Accompanying veins/venae comitantes
What are the smallest veins that drain capillary beds?
Venules
What type of veins drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries?
A. Small and medium veins
B. Medium and large veins
C. Large veins only
A. Small and medium veins
What type of veins contain venous valves (permit blood to flow toward the heart, not in reverse)?
Small and medium veins
What type of veins are cephalic, basilic, great, and small saphenous veins?
A. Small and medium veins
B. Large veins
C. Accompanying veins
A. Small and medium veins
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava are examples of what sized veins?
Large veins (get blood from medium veins)
What type of veins have incompetent valves?
Varicose veins
True or False: Blood capillaries connect arterioles and venules and are arranged in capillary bed
True
_____: Direct connections between arterioles and venules that permits blood to pass directly from arterial to venous circulation
Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA)
True or False: AVA’s play a role in thermoregulation
True
A _____ system links two capillary beds
Portal Venous System
As arteries branch, their lumen ___ in diameter. As veins converge, their lumen ___ in diameter
decreases; increases
Do veins have a larger or smaller diameter compared to artery?
Do veins have a thinner or thicker wall, compared to artery?
Large diameter; thinner walls
Veins have a relatively thick ______
tunica adventitia
Capillaries are made of ____ cells, separated from connective tissue by a basement membrane
endothelial
What are two major venous portal systems?
1) Hepatic
2) Pituitary gland
In ___ circulation, low oxygen blood is returned from systemic circulation to right atrium, then right ventricle of the heart. Following this, blood flow to the lungs via the ___ that branches into the left and right ____ arteries.
Pulmonary circulation; pulmonary trunk; pulmonary arteries
CO2 is exchanged for O2 in the lung ____. O2 rich blood returns to the left atrium via the ____ veins
capillaries; pulmonary veins
In ____ circulation, the left ventricle of the heart receives O2 rich blood from the ___ and propels it into the aorta, through the arteries, to the capillaries.
systemic circulation, left atrium
Systemic veins return oxygen poor blood to the ___ of the heart via the ___ and ____
right atrium; superior/inferior VC
Arterial distribution to head/brain?
Venous distribution to head/brain?
Arterial:
R SIDE: Aorta →Brachiocephalic Trunk→Right Common Carotid→Vertebral Arteries
L SIDE: Aorta →Left Common Carotid→Vertebral Arteries
Venous:
Internal Jugular Veins→Brachiocephalic Veins→Superior Vena Cava
Arterial distribution to right and left upper limbs?
Venous distribution to upper limbs?
Arterial
R SIDE: Aorta→Brachiocephalic Trunk→Right Subclavian Artery→Axillary Artery
L SIDE: Aorta→Left Subclavian Artery→Axillary Artery
Venous: Axillary veins→subclavian veins→brachiocephalic veins→
SVC
Arterial distribution to heart?
Venous distribution to heart?
Arterial: Aorta→Coronary Arteries
Venous: Coronary veins→right atrium
Arterial distribution to kidneys?
Venous distribution to kidneys?
Arterial: Abdominal aorta → Renal Arteries
Venous: Renal Veins → IVC
Arterial Distribution to stomach/liver/spleen?
Arterial Distribution to small intestine and part of large intestine?
Arterial Distribution to part of the large intestine?
Abdominal Aorta→Celiac Trunk
Abdominal Aorta→Superior Mesenteric Artery
Abdominal Aorta→Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Venous distribution for most of the abdomen and part of the GI tract/spleen?
Portal hepatic vein→hepatic veins→IVC
Arterial distribution to pelvis/perineum?
Venous distribution to pelvis/perineum?
Aorta→common iliac artery→ internal iliac artery
Internal Iliac Veins→Common Iliac Veins→IVC
Arterial distribution to lower limbs?
Aorta→Common Iliac Arteries→External Iliac Arteries→Femoral Arteries
Venous distribution to lower limbs?
femoral veins (deep) → external iliac veins → common iliac veins → IVC
Which vein receives all venous blood from abdominal GI organs and spleen?
Portal Hepatic Vein
Blood passes through the liver and returns via the hepatic veins to the ____
Inferior vena cava
Blockage in one of the small branches of the pulmonary arteries can lead to what condition?
pulmonary embolism
_____: made up of lymphatic capillaries and vessels that drain lymph and filtered in through lymph nodes before returning it to blood stream
Lymphatic system
_____: networks of lymphatic capillaries that originate blindly in extracellular spaces of most tissues
Lymphatic plexuses
Where are lymphatic capillaries commonly located?
1) Dermis
2) Mucous membranes of digestive/respiratory systems
True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are found in the bone marrow, brain, and avascular tissues
False - Lymphatic capillaries are NOT found in the bone marrow, brain, and avascular tissues
True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are located in tooth pulp
True
True or False: Superficial lymphatic vessels are more numerous than other veins in the subcutaneous tissues
True
True or False: Superficial lymphatic vessels drain into deep lymphatic vessels that accompany arteries and receive drainage of internal organs
True
Where does the majority of lymph enter the venous system? Via which duct?
Left side (junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular vein)
Thoracic duct
____: carries lymph from left side of head and neck
A. Left jugular trunk
B. Left subclavian trunk
C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk
A. Left jugular trunk
____: carries lymph from the left upper limb and superficial tissues of the left half of the thoracoabdominal wall (including left breast)
A. Left jugular trunk
B. Left subclavian trunk
C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk
B. Left subclavian trunk
____: carries lymph from part of the left thoracic wall, the left cupola of diaphragm, the left lung, bronchi, and trachea, most of esophagous and heart
A. Left jugular trunk
B. Left subclavian trunk
C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk
C. Left bronchomediastinal trunk
On the right, the three lymphatic trunks usually open independently or join, forming the ________
A. Right Jugular Trunk
B. Right Lymphatic Duct
C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk
B. Right Lymphatic Duct
_____: carries lymph from right side of the head and neck
A. Right Jugular Trunk
B. Right Subclavian Trunk
C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk
A. Right Jugular Trunk
______: carries lymph from the right upper limb and superficial tissues of the right half of the thoracoabdominal wall (including right breast)
A. Right Jugular Trunk
B. Right Subclavian Trunk
C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk
B. Right Subclavian Trunk
____: carries lymph from part of right thoracic wall, the right cupola of diaphragm, the right lung, bronchi/trachea, part of esophagus, and part of “right” heart
A. Right Jugular Trunk
B. Right Subclavian Trunk
C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk
C. Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk
Lymph from the _____ lymph nodes drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes
superficial lymph nodes
What are the four groups of superficial lymph nodes around the base of the head?
1) Submental
2) Submandibular
3) Parotid
4) Occipital
Which vein receives most of the venous blood from the
abdominal, gastrointestinal organs, and the spleen?
A. IVC
B. SVC
C. Hepatic portal vein
C. Hepatic portal vein
From the hepatic portal
vein, blood passes
through the liver
and returns via the
hepatic veins to the
______
Inferior vena cava
What type of veins are the small and great saphenous veins?
A. Deep
B. Superficial
C. Medial
B. Superficial
Disruption of lymphatic
drainage after the removal
of axillary lymph nodes
can lead to _____
Lymphedema
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the ___ and ____
IVC/SVC
After deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium→right ventricle→pulmonary trunk (splits into the left and right ____)→lungs
left and right pulmonary arteries
Which structure of the heart takes O2 blood from lungs and returns it to the left atrium? **
Pulmonary arteries
