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anatomy > Lecture 6: Bone and Vertebrate > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Bone and Vertebrate Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure connect bone to bone? Bone to muscle?

A

Bone to bone = ligaments
Bone to muscle = tendons

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2
Q

The skull, hyoid, vertebrate, ribs, and chest part make up the:
A. Appendicular Skeleton
B. Axial Skeleton

A

B. Axial Skeleton

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3
Q

How many bones are in the skull? How many vertebrate are there?

A

Skull = 22 bones
Vertebrate = 33 bones

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4
Q

The chest plate is composed of what three structures?

A

manubrium, sternum, and xiphoid process

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5
Q

Which skeleton do the bones of the appendages make up?
A. Axial Skeleton
B. Appendicular Skeleton

A

B. Appendicular Skeleton

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6
Q

What are the four girdles of the arm?

A

1) Humerus/Femur
2) Ulna/Radius
3) Tibia/Fibula
4) Metacarpal/phalanges

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7
Q

Where do blood cell get produced?
A. Compact Bone
B. Spongy Bone
C. Medullary Bone
D. Periosteum

A

C. Medullary Bone

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8
Q

Which bone is dense? elastic?
A. Compact Bone
B. Spongy Bone
C. Medullary Bone

A

Dense = A.
Elastic = B.

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9
Q

Femur/Tibia/Fibula, Humerus/Ulna/Radius are best characterized as:
A. Short Bones
B. Long Bones
C. Flat Bones
D. Irregular Bones
E. Sesamoid Bone

A

B. Long Bones

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10
Q

The carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankles are best characterized as:
A. Short Bones
B. Long Bones
C. Flat Bones
D. Irregular Bones
E. Sesamoid Bone

A

A. Short Bones

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11
Q

Bones in the cranium are best characterized as:
A. Short Bones
B. Long Bones
C. Flat Bones
D. Irregular Bones
E. Sesamoid Bone

A

C. Flat Bones

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12
Q

The vertebrate, sacrum, coccyx, and hip bones are best characterized as:
A. Short Bones
B. Long Bones
C. Flat Bones
D. Irregular Bones
E. Sesamoid Bone

A

D. Irregular Bones

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13
Q

The patella is best characterized as:
A. Short Bones
B. Long Bones
C. Flat Bones
D. Irregular Bones
E. Sesamoid Bone

A

E. Sesamoid Bone

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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

What type of joint is located between the clavicle and acromion of the scapula?
A. Ball and Socket Joint
B. Pivot Joint
C. Plane Joint
D. Hinge Joint
E. Carpometacarpal Joint
F. Saddle Joint

A

C. Plane Joint

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19
Q

Which is an example of a hinge joint?
A. Atlanto-axial Joint
B. Hip Joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
D. Carpometacarpal Joint
E. Elbow Joint

A

E. Elbow Joint

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20
Q

Which is an example of a saddle joint?
A. Atlanto-axial Joint
B. Hip Joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
D. Carpometacarpal Joint
E. Elbow Joint

A

D. Carpometacarpal Joint

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21
Q

Which is an example of a condyloid joint?
A. Atlanto-axial Joint
B. Hip Joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
D. Carpometacarpal Joint
E. Elbow Joint

A

C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint

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22
Q

The atlanto-axial joint is an example of a what type of joint?
A. Atlanto-axial Joint
B. Hip Joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
D. Carpometacarpal Joint
E. Elbow Joint
F. Pivoit Joint

A

F. Pivoit Joint

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23
Q

The ball and socket joint is an example of a what type of joint?
A. Atlanto-axial Joint
B. Hip Joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
D. Carpometacarpal Joint
E. Elbow Joint
F. Pivoit Joint
G. Ball and Socket Joint

A

G. Ball and Socket Joint

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24
Q

True or False: Joint articulations are rich in blood and nerve supply, as well as important for proprioception

A

True

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25
Q

A ______ is defined as a fibrous joint in which two adjacent bones are linked by a strong membrane or ligaments
A. gomphosis
B. suture
C. syndesmosis

A

C. syndesmosis

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26
Q

_____ is a type of fibrous, immovable joint such as the one between the teeth and the alveolar bone
A. gomphosis
B. suture
C. syndesmosis

A

A. gomphosis

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27
Q

True or False: The coronal suture is a fibrous joint

A

True

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28
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joint?

A

1) Primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)
2) Secondary cartilaginous (symphysis)

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29
Q
A

Synovial Joints

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30
Q

How many vertebrate do humans have?
A. 4
B. 33
C. 12
D. 7

A

B. 33

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31
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrate are there?

A

Cervical = 7 vertebrate
Thoracic = 12 vertebrate
Lumbar = 5 vertebrate
Sacral = 5 vertebrate
Coccygeal = 4 vertebrate

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32
Q

True or False: Intervertebral discs provide cushioning, mobility, and stability

A

True

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33
Q

Where is a common site of slippage?
A. L5
B. L3
C. C5
D. C2-3

A

A. L5

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34
Q

The Lumbosacral Angle is located at ____ and is wedge-shaped

A

L5-S1

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35
Q

____ describes an anterior concave while ____ is a posterior concave

A

Kyphosis: anterior concave
Lordosis: posterior concave

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36
Q

____: Thoracic and sacral curves formed during development
A. Primary Curvature
B. Secondary Curvature

A

A. Primary Curvature

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37
Q

______: Curves that form after birth for weight bearing, cervical (head) and lumbar (body from walking)
A. Primary Curvature
B. Secondary Curvature

A

B. Secondary Curvature

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38
Q

Which parts of the vertebral column display kyphosis? lordosis?
A. Cervical and Lumbar
B. Thoracic and Sacral (Pelvic)
C. Cervical Spine only

A

Thoracic and Sacral = kyphosis
Lumbar and Cervical = lordosis

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39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

Label A-D of the cervical vertebrate:

A
46
Q

A. C1
B. C3-7
C. C2

A

A. C1

47
Q

Label A-D of C1

A
48
Q

Label A. What structure is this?
A. C3
B. Axis
C. Atlas

A

B. Axis

49
Q

Which joint is this?

A

Atlanto-Axial Joint

50
Q

Label this thoracic vertebrae

A
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q

Where does spina bifida commonly occur?

A

L5-S1

55
Q

Spinda Bifida Occulta vs. Cystica?

A

Occulta = lamina fail to fuse
Cystica = neural arches fail to fuse,

56
Q

What are the four vertebral column joints?

A
57
Q

Label this IV disc

A
58
Q

Which vertebral column joint is located ONLY in C3-7 in the Uncinate Process of the
anterior vertebral bodies and LIMITS lateral flexion?

A. Longitudinal Ligaments
B. Uncovertebral Joints
C. Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

B. Uncovertebral Joints

59
Q

Which vertebral column joint is this?
A. Longitudinal Ligaments
B. Uncovertebral Joints
C. Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

B. Uncovertebral Joints

60
Q

Which vertebral column joint is this?
A. Longitudinal Ligaments
B. Uncovertebral Joints
C. Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

A. Longitudinal Ligaments

61
Q

Which structure limits hyperextension? Which structure limits hyperflexion?

A

-Anterior LL (longitudinal ligaments) limits hyperextension

-Posterior LL limits hyperflexion

62
Q
A
63
Q

Which vertebral column joint limits twisting and rotation?

A

Zygapophyseal Joint

64
Q

In the zygapophyseal joint, the superior and inferior ____facets articulate with each
“Holding hands”

A

articular

65
Q

Label the ligaments of the neural arch

Word Bank
-Interspinous Ligament
-Supraspinous Ligament
-Ligamentum Flavum

A

C. Interspinous Ligament
B. Supraspinous Ligament
A. Ligamentum Flavum

66
Q

Which ligament connects laminae?
Which connect spinous processes?

A

Ligamentum Flavum connects laminae

Interspinous Ligament connects spinous processes

67
Q

True or False: The Supraspinous Ligament connects spinous processes on posterior
margin

A

True

68
Q

Role of the Neural Arch Ligaments?

A

Limit seperation/tension,
rotation

69
Q

Which ligament is this?

A

The Nuchal Ligament

70
Q

Nucleus Pulposus Herniation can lead to compression of ____ ligament and ____

A

Posterior longitudinal
ligament; Anulus Fibrosus

71
Q

True or False: Nucleus Pulposus Herniations are common in the thoracic spine

A

False - common in cervical and lumbar spine

72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q

The Erector Spinae muscle is important for ___ while the Abdominal muscles are important for ____. Both are important for lateral bending.

A

Extension; Flexion

75
Q

True or False: Rotatores, semipinalis, multifidus muscles, and the Ispilateral erector spinae muscles are all involved in rotation

A

True

76
Q

In whiplash, hyperextension can result in straining or tearing which longitudinal ligament? Hyperflexion?

A

Hyperextension = Anterior LL
Hyperflexion = Posterior LL

77
Q

____: proximal bones of limbs that articulate with the axial skeleton
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles

A

C. Girdles

78
Q

Pectoral and Pelvic are:
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles

A

C. Girdles

79
Q

____: singular bone in proximal segment of limb

A

Stylopod

80
Q

Humerus and Femur are:
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles
D. Zeugopod

A

B. Stylopod

81
Q

____: paired bones in the middle segment of the limbs
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles
D. Zeugopod

A

D. Zeugopod

82
Q

Radius, ulna; tibia, fibula are:
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles
D. Zeugopod

A

D. Zeugopod

83
Q

The carpal bones (metacarpals/tarsals/ phalanges) of the upper and lower limbs are:
A. Autopod
B. Stylopod
C. Girdles
D. Zeugopod

A

A. Autopod

84
Q

_______is a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds bone
that carries _____ nerves to sense tearing/tension pain

A

Periosteum ; periosteal

85
Q

_____ Joints: articulating bones attached with fibrous tissues
A. Fibrous
B. Syndesmosis
C. Cartilaginous

A

A. Fibrous

86
Q

What type of joints are united by hyaline or fibrocartilage fibers and provides
some flexibility?
A. Fibrous
B. Syndesmosis
C. Cartilaginous

A

C. Cartilaginous Joints

87
Q

True or False: The Lumbosacral Angle occurs at the lumbar and sacral junction.

A

True

88
Q

The uncinate processes are present on ___

A

C3–6

89
Q

True or False: Foramina transversaria is present in C1-6 and absent/small in C7

A

True

90
Q

____: ring of fibrocartilage forming the intervertebral disc

_____: Center of intervertebral disc. Compresses and tenses but loses elastic ability through aging.

A

Anulus Fibrosus

Nucleus Pulposus

91
Q

Uncovertebral “Joints” are found between uncinate process of ____ on body

A

C3-C6

92
Q

____: Synovial articulations between the superior and inferior articular processes (zygapophyses) of adjacent vertebrae

A

Zygapophysial joint

93
Q

____: encloses each zygapophysial joint

A

Joint Capsule

94
Q

____: Connect adjacent spinous processes

____:Connect adjacent spinous processes
posteriorly on their apexes

A

Interspinous Ligaments

Supraspinous Ligaments

95
Q

____: merges with supraspinous ligament, strong median ligament of the neck and back of the skull (external protuberance).

A

Nuchal Ligaments

anatomy (28 decks)

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