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ANAT 200 > Lecture 8 - Appendicular Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Appendicular Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

the appendicular musculature is innervated by:

A

spinal nerves that form plexuses

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2
Q

what are plexuses?

A

combinations of nerves that come together to form one large nerve that innervates an entire compartment

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3
Q

muscle contractions of the appendicular muscles cause:

A

a limb segment to move in a specific plane at a joint

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4
Q

when a muscle crosses a joint anteriorly, it ususally:

A

flexes at the joint

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5
Q

when a muscle crosses a joint posteriorly, it usually:

A

extends at the joint

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6
Q

when a muscle crosses a joint laterally, it will:

A

abduct or laterally rotate at the joint

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7
Q

when a muscle crosses a joint medially, it will:

A

adduct or medially rotate at the joint

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8
Q

if a muscle crosses the shoulder joint superiorly, it will:

A

abduct the arm

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9
Q

is a muscle crosses the shoulder joint inferiorly, it will:

A

adduct the arm

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10
Q

the upper limb is innervated by the ______, except for the _____, which is innervated by a cranial nerve

A

brachial plexus, trapezius

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11
Q

what are the four major muscle groups crossing the upper limb joints?

A
  • shoulder (pectoral girdle)
  • arm
  • forearm
  • hand
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12
Q

upper limb joints are designed for:

A

mobility

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13
Q

superficial muscle of the pectoral girdle which connects from the occipital and spinous processes to the clavicle and scapular spine

A

trapezius

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14
Q

what is the function of the trapezius?

A

elevator, retractor, and depressor of the scapula (multiple fibre orientations allow for multiple actions)

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15
Q

superficial pectoral girdle muscle that connects from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae to the superior vertebral border of the scapula

A

levator scapulae

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16
Q

what is the function of the levator scapulae?

A

elevator of the scapula

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17
Q

superficial percotral girdle muscles that run from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae to the vertebral border of the scapula

A

rhomboids (major and minor)

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18
Q

what is the function of the rhomboids?

A

retractors of the scapula

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19
Q

superficial pectoral girdle muscle that runs from the ribs to the vertebral border of the scapula (anterior surface)

A

serratus anterior

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20
Q

what is the function of the serratus anterior?

A

protractor of the scapula (brings the scapula forward

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21
Q

the trapezius and the serratus anterior work together to rotate the ______ so that the arm ______

A

scapula, can reach all the way up

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22
Q

the levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis minor work together to bring the _____ back to resting postition

A

scapula (brings glenoid cavity back down)

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23
Q

superficial muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the ribs, sternum, and clavicle to the lateral side of the intertubercular sulcus

A

pectoralis major

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24
Q

what is the function of the pectoralis major?

A

arm adductor, flexor, and medial rotator

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25
Q

superficial muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the clavicle and scapular spine to the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus

A

deltoideus

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26
Q

what is the purpose of the deltoideus?

A

major arm abductor, flexor, and medial rotator (anterior part)

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27
Q

deep muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

subscapularis

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28
Q

what is the function of the subscapularis?

A

medial arm rotator (rotator cuff muscle)

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29
Q

superficial muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the spinous processes, ribs, and iliac crest to the intertubular sulcus

A

latissimus dorsi

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30
Q

what is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

A

powerful arm retractor (pull down motion), extensor, adductor, and medial rotator

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31
Q

muscle of the shoulder joint that runs from the inferior angle of the scapula to the medial side of the intertubular sulcus

A

teres major

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32
Q

a synergist to the latissimus dorsi, often known as “lats little helper”

A

teres major

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33
Q

what is the function of the teres major?

A

arm extensor and medial rotator (assists latissimus dorsi)

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34
Q

muscle of the shoulder joint which connects from the supraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle

A

supraspinatus

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35
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatus?

A

an arm abductor that assists the deltoid (first 15% of the movement)

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36
Q

muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the infraspinous fossa (scapula) to the greater tubercle (humerus)

A

infraspinatus

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37
Q

what is the function of the infraspinatus?

A

lateral arm rotator

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38
Q

muscle of the shoulder joint which runs from the axillary border (scapula) to the greater tubercle (humerus)

A

teres minor

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39
Q

what is the function of the teres minor?

A

lateral arm rotator

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40
Q

what are the four muscles in the rotator cuff?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
    (SITS)
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41
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff muscles as a whole?

A

reinforce the shoulder joint capsule and hold the humeral head against the glenoid fossa, preventing dislocation of the shoulder joint

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42
Q

all of the rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus, EXCEPT:

A

the subscapularis

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43
Q

muscle of the elbow joint which runs from the humeral shaft to the coronoid process of the ulna

A

brachialis

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44
Q

what is the function of the brachialis?

A

powerful forearm flexor (especially when protonated)

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45
Q

muscles of the elbow joint which runs from the scapula (above the glenoid cavity and coracoid process) to the radial tuberosity

A

biceps brachii

46
Q

what is the function of the biceps brachii?

A

powerful forearm supinator (strongest in the body), forearm flexor, and assists the arm flexing at the shoulder joint

47
Q

muscle of the elbow joint which runs above th lateral epicondyle to the styloid process of the radius

A

brachioradialis

48
Q

what is the function of the brachioradialis?

A

forearm flexor when half protonated (drinking muscle)

49
Q

three muscles of the elbow joint which attaches from under the glenoid cavity, the superior shaft of the humerus, and the inferior shaft of the humerus to the olecranon process

A

triceps brachii

50
Q

what is the function of the riceps brachii?

A

forearm extensor

51
Q

many of the flexors of the forearm attach/originate from here

A

medial epicondyle

52
Q

what are the three superficial muscles that move the wrist joint anteriorly? where do they attach?

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpis ulnaris
    runs from the medial epicondyle to the flexor retinaculum
53
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

hand flexor and abductor

54
Q

what is the function of the palmaris longus?

A

weak hand flexor (not everyone has it)

55
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

hand flexor and adductor

56
Q

strong fibrous band forming the roof of the carpal tunnel which tacks down the tendons in the hand

A

flexor retinaculum

57
Q

what are the anterior muscles moving the digits (intermediate layer)?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

58
Q

what is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

finger flexor (digist 2-5), the muscle will move all joints prior to that (ex: wrist, carpometacarpal)

59
Q

deep anterior muscle moving the digits which runs from the radial shaft to the distal phalanx of digit 1

A

flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

60
Q

deep anterior muscle moving the digits which runs from the ulnar shaft to the phalanges of digist 2-5

A

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

61
Q

what is the function of the FPL and FDP?

A

thumb and finger flexors

62
Q

repetitive motion of flexor tendons in the hand can irritate their _____, leading to swelling and compression of the medial nerve in the _____

A

sheath coverings, carpal tunnel

63
Q

posterior muscles of the wrist joint which run from the lateral epicondyle to the carpals

A

externsor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and the extensor carpi ulnaris

64
Q

what is the function of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

hand extensor and abductor

65
Q

what is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

hand extensor and adductor (synergist of the flexor carpi ulnaris)

66
Q

what is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

strong fibrous band holding the tendons in place

67
Q

posterior muscles that move the digits and attach to the lateral epicondyle

A
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • externsors (longus and brevis) pollicis (no epicondyle)
  • abductor pollicis (no epidondyle)
68
Q

what is the function of the extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi?

A

the extensor digitorum extends digits 2-4, and the extensor digiti minimi extends digit 5

69
Q

what is the function of the extensors pollicis and abductor pollicis?

A

thumb extensor and abductors

70
Q

forearm muscle which runs from the lateral epicondyle to the radius, and wraps around the radius when supinated

A

supinator

71
Q

forearm muscle which runs from the medial epicondyle to the radius (crosses the ulna)

A

pronator teres

72
Q

wrist muscle which attaches between the radius and ulna and assists with pronation

A

pronator quadratus

73
Q

what is the function of the three palmer interossei muscles?

A

finger adductors

74
Q

what is the function of the four lumbrical muscles?

A

flexor of metacarpophalangeal joints, extensors for interphalangeal joints (helps with precision movements like writing)

75
Q

name the three hypothenar muscles

A
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • abductor digiti minimi
76
Q

name the three thenar muscles

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
77
Q

what is the function of the hypothenar and thenar muscles?

A

important role in opposition movements

78
Q

what is the function of the four doral interossei?

A

finger abductors of digits 2-4 at the metacarpophalangeal joints

79
Q

the muscles in the lower limb are inneverated by:

A

the lumbosacral plexus

80
Q

what are the four major muscle groups of the lower limb?

A
  • hip (pelvic girdle)
  • thigh
  • leg
  • foot
81
Q

lower limbs are designed for:

A

stability

82
Q

muscle of the hip joint which runs from the ilium to the greater trochanter (femur)

A

gluteus minimus

83
Q

what is the function of the gluteus minimus

A

thigh abductor and medial rotator

84
Q

muscle of the hip joint which runs from the iliac crest to the greater trochanter (femur)

A

gluteus medius

85
Q

what is the function of the gluteus medius

A

thigh abductor and medial rotator

86
Q

the gluteus medius and minimus are:

A

synergists

87
Q

muscle of the hip joint which runs from the iliac crest and sacrum to the gluteal tuberosity

A

gluteus maximus

88
Q

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

A

thigh hyper extensor and lateral rotator (good for running and climbing)

89
Q

muscle of the hip joint that runs from the iliac foss and transverse processes (lumbar) to the lesser trochanter (femur)

A

iliopsoas

90
Q

what is the function of the iliopsoas?

A

major thigh flexor

91
Q

muscle group in the hip joint which runs from the pubis to the linea aspera (femur)

A

adductor muscle group (magnus, longus, brevis)

92
Q

what is the function of the adductor muscle group?

A

thigh adductor (shocking), flexor, and medial rotator

93
Q

muscle group at the knee joint which runs from the ASIS and femoral shaft to the tibial tuberosity via the patella

A

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis)

94
Q

what is the function of the quadriceps femoris?

A

leg extensors, however the rectus femoris is also a thigh flexor at the hip joint

95
Q

muscle of the knee joint which runs from the ASIS to the medial side of the tibial tuberosity

A

sartorius

96
Q

what is the function of the sartorius?

A

thigh and leg flexor, abduction, and lateral rotation (Captain Morgan muscle)

97
Q

what are the three hamstring muscles?

A
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femorus
98
Q

two muscles of the knee joint which runs from the ischial tuberosity to the medial condyle of the tibia

A

semitendonosus and semimembranosus

99
Q

muscle of the knee joint which runs from the ischial tuberosity to the lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula

A

biceps femoris

100
Q

what is the function of the hamstring muscles?

A

all are leg flexors at the knee joint, and thigh extensors at the hip joint

101
Q

muscles of the ankle joint which run from the fibula to metatarsals inferiorly

A

fibularis longus and brevis

102
Q

what is the function of the fibularis muscles?

A

foot everters and plantarflexors, fibularis longus supports arches of foot

103
Q

muscle of the ankle joint which runs from the tibia to the first metatarsal superiorly

A

tibilias anterior

104
Q

what is the function of the tibialis anterior?

A

foot dorsiflexor and invertor at the ankle joint

105
Q

muscle of the ankle joint and digits which runs from the tibia to the distal phalanges

A

extensor digiorum longus

106
Q

what is the function of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

to extensor

107
Q

muscle of the ankle joint and digits which runs from the fibula to the distal phalanx of the first digit

A

extensor hallucis longus

108
Q

what is the function of theextensor hallucis longus?

A

big toe (hallux) extensor

109
Q

superficial posterior muscle of the ankle joint which runs from the calcaneal (achilles) tendon to the medial and lateral femoral condyles

A

gastrocnemius

110
Q

deep posterior muscle of the ankle joint which runs from the calcaneal tendon to the shafts of both the tibia and fibula

A

soleus

111
Q

what is the function of the gastrocnemius and soleus?

A

both muscles are powerful foot plantarflexors; the gastrocnemius is also a flexor at the knee joint

112
Q

together, th gastrocnemius and soleus are known as the:

A

triceps surae

ANAT 200 (16 decks)

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