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ANAT 200 > Lecture 16 - Gastrointestinal System Part I > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Gastrointestinal System Part I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the seven main functions of the gastrointestinal system?

A
  • ingestion
  • mechanincal processing
  • compaction
  • digestion
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • excretion
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2
Q

swirling, mixing, churning, propulsive motions along the entire GI tract

A

mechanical processing

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3
Q

dehydration of undigested material and converts waste into feces (colon to anus)

A

compaction

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4
Q

chemical and enzymatic breakdown of sugars, lipids, and proteins into small molecules (mostly occurs in the stomach)

A

digestion

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5
Q

movement of molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water into interstitial fluid (blood vessels –> liver –> heart –> rest of the body)

A

absorption

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6
Q

elimination of undigested residue and waste products

A

excretion

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7
Q

what are the main parts of the digestive tract?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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8
Q

what are the three main parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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9
Q

what are the six main parts of the large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

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10
Q

what are the four main accessory organs/glands associated with the GI tract?

A
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
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11
Q

what are the four main layers of the GI tube?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscular externis layer
  • serosa
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12
Q

made of epithelium (at the ends of the tube), lamina propria, and muscularis layers

A

mucosa layer

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13
Q

where are glands and immune cells found in the muscosa layer?

A

lamina proporia (connective tissue)

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14
Q

propels content of glands in the lumen

A

muscularis mucosa

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15
Q

a conduit for vasculature, nerves, and lymphatics (includes immune cells, some exocrine glands, and submucosal nerve plexus)

A

submucosa (connective tissue) layer

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16
Q

what is the muscularis externis?

A

the external muscle layer along the GI tube, contains and inner circular smooth layer and an outer longitudinal smooth layer

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17
Q

at the beginning and end of the GI tube, the muscularis externis is made of

A

skeletal (somatic) muscle

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18
Q

contains the myenetric plexus which controls GI motility

A

muscularis externis

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19
Q

layer of the GI tube made of simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue which continually produces watery fluid that lubricates the peritoneal surfaces

A

serosa layer

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20
Q

two layers of serosa is called the:

A

mesentery

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21
Q

the esophagus sits behind the:

A

respiratory system

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22
Q

why cant you swallow and breathe at the same time?

A

because the esophagus goes through the diaphragm and is pinched closed when the diaphragm contracts

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23
Q

which parts of the GI system are in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A

liver, gall bladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, transverse colon, and right kidney

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24
Q

which parts of the GI system are in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A

stomach, spleen, body and tail of pancreas, jejunum, transverse colon, and left kidney

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25
which parts of the GI system are in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?
ilieum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
26
which parts of the GI system are in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?
ileum, descending and sigmoid colon
27
what are the three regions of referred pain in the abdomen?
epigastric region, umbilical region, and hypogastric region
28
where is the midclavicular plane?
vertical plane between the clavicles
29
where is the subcostal plane?
horizontal plane below the ribs (L1)
30
where is the intertubercular plane?
horizontal plane in the tubercles of iliac crests (L5)
31
runs from the abdominal esophagus to the descending part of the duodenum
the foregut
32
where does the foregut receive its vasculature and innervation from?
the celiac trunk (artery) and celiac ganglia (T7-T9)
33
runs from the descending part of the duodenum to the left colic flexure of the transverse colon
the midgut
34
where does the midgut receive its vasculature and innervation from?
the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and SMA ganglia (T9-T11)
35
runs from the left colic flexure of the transverse colon to the rectum
the hindgut
36
where does the hindgut receive its vasculature and innervation from?
the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and IMA ganglia (T11-L1)
37
the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies blood to the:
pancreas (1/2), duodenum (1/2), jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and transverse colon
38
the celiac trunk supplies blood to the:
abdominal esophagus, stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas (1/2), and duodenum (1/2)
39
the renal artery supplies blood to the:
kidneys and adrenal glands
40
the gonal artery supplies to the:
ovaries and testes
41
the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) supplies blood to the:
descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
42
the splenic vein, SMA, and IMA, all drain into the:
hepatic portal vein
43
veins from the body wall (renal veins, common iliac veins, gonadal veins) drain directly into the:
inferior vena cava
44
all vasculature from the Gi tube will end up in the liver to be filtered via the:
hepatic portal vein
45
serous membrane lining the peritoneal (abdominal) body wall and organs
peritoneum
46
lines the peritoneal cavity (body wall)
parietal peritoneum
47
lining of the peritoneal organs
visceral peritoneum
48
2 layers of peritoneum which serves as a conduit for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
mesentery (proper)
49
mesentery from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon (apron like)
greater omentum
50
mesentery from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (important structures found here)
lesser omentum
51
- large pouch of mesentery that forms an apron shape - has blood, nerves, and lymphoid tissues - lipid deposition for temperature control - has immunological function these are characteristics of:
the greater omentum
52
which organs are retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)?
adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, some anchoring organs (abdominal esophagus, most of the duodenum, pancreas, ascending and descending colon, and all pelvic organs
53
the oral cavity's mucosal layer is made up of ____ which protects from ____
stratified squamous epithelium, abrasion/stress
54
what are the four major functions of the oral cavity?
1) sensory analysis of ingested material 2) mechanical digestion (teeth, tongue, palatal surfaces, cheeks) 3) lubrication by mixing ingested material with saliva 4) start of enzymatic digestion (mainly amylase)
55
name the three sets of tonsils
1) pharyngeal tonsils 2) palatine tonsils 3) lingual tonsils
56
name the three parts of the pharynx
- nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
57
what is the oral vestibule?
the space between the lips, cheeks, and teeth
58
is the pharynx part of the oral cavity?
no
59
name the four main layers of the tooth
1) enamel 2) dentin 3) pulp cavity 4) root canals
60
glues the tooth to the peridontal ligament
cement layer
61
fibrous connective tissue that connects the tooth to the maxilla/mandible (gomphosis)
peridontal ligament
62
what are the four types of teeth?
- incisors - canines - premolars (bicuspid) - molars (multi-cuspid)
63
the upper dentition in the maxillae are innervated by the:
superior alveolar nerve of the maxillary branch of CN V
64
the lower dentition in the mandible are innervated by the:
inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular branch of CN V
65
how many permanent teeth are there?
32
66
how many deciduous (baby) teeth are there?
20 (no premolars)
67
most tongue muscles are innervated by what nerve?
CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
68
the intrinsic tongue muscle are responsible for:
the shape of the tongue (speech)
69
the extrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for:
swallowing (push the tongue superiorly and posteriorly)
70
where on the tongue are taste receptors found?
throughout all the different types of papillae
71
the body and root of the tongue are separated by the:
terminal sulcus
72
what is the function of salivary glands?
serous moistens food (enzymes) and mucus lubricates passage of food
73
what is saliva made out of?
- amylase (initiates carbohydrate digestion) - buffers (regulate oral pH) - antibodies (for immune surveillance)
74
saliva dissolves chemicals that:
stimulate the taste buds
75
are the salivary glands stimulated by the somatic or autonomic nervous system?
autonomic
76
extra salivary gland secretions are stimulated by:
- the presence of food in the mouth - taste, sight, smell, or thought of food

ANAT 200 (24 decks)

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