Lecture 12 - Neurons and Brain Structure Flashcards
what is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory data and motor commands
the CNS is the seat of higher brain functions, what are those functions?
- Memory
- Intelligence
- Learning
- Emotions
“MILE”
what is the main function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
carries sensory info from receptors to CNS (afferent division) and carries motor commands to the periphery (efferent division)
what are the three main components of the brain?
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- brainstem
in the CNS, collections of cells bodies are known as:
nuclei
in the CNS, collections of axons are known as:
tracts
in the PNS, collections of cell bodies are known as:
ganglia
in the PNS, collections of axons are know as:
nerves
nerve cells that conduct signals
neurons
support cells for the neurons that help control neuron activity
neuroglia
each neuron has about ______ connections with other neurons
100 000
neurons encode _____ and conduct it over considerable distances, and transmit it to _____ or _____
information, other neurons, various non-neuronal cells
typical motor and cortical neurons are polarized, what does that mean?
they look different at each end
dendrites increase the _____ of neurons, this enables them to have ______
surface area, lots of connections
how does the action relay electrical impulses/signals?
via action potentials
where are neurotransmitters synthesized?
in the cell body
how do neurotransmitters get to the synapses?
the are carried down the axon along microtubules
the point of contact of an axon terminal with another cell
synapse
how do synapses transmit nerve impulses?
via neurotransmitters
where are the three places a neuron can synapse?
- with another neuron
- neuromuscular junctions
- neuroglandular junctions
what happens when the action potential reaches the synaptic terminal?
neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft
what structural feature makes unipolar and bipolar neurons different from multipolar neurons?
don’t really have dendrites (have nerve terminals on either side of the cell body)
what are the two main types of glial cells in the PNS?
schwann cells and satellite glial cells
what are the four main types of glial cells in the CNS?
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
- surround sensory neuronal cell bodies
- play a supportive role (regulate neurotransmitters, O2, and CO2)
these are all characteristics of:
satellite cells
- myelinate peripheral axons (sensory and motor)
- encourages electrical signal to travel down the axon and increases conduction velocity
these are all characteristics of:
schwann cells
- myelinate CNS axons
- provide structural framework
- looks like an octopus
these are all characteristics of:
oligodendrocytes