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ANAT 200 > Lecture 4 - The Axial Skeletion > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - The Axial Skeletion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four functional roles of the axial skeleton?

A

1) supportive and protective framework for internal organs
2) skull houses special sensory organs
3) vertebral column and ribs provide extensive attachment for muscles moving in the head, neck, trunk, and limbs
4) thoracic cage performs movements during respiration

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2
Q

how many bones are in the neurocranium?

A

8

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3
Q

how many bones are in the viscerocranium?

A

14

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4
Q

name the bones in the neurocranium

A
  • occipital
  • temporal (2)
  • parietal (2)
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
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5
Q

name the bones in the viscerocranium

A
  • mandible
  • maxilla (2)
  • zygomatic (2)
  • palatine (2)
  • vomer
  • nasal (2)
  • lacrimal (2)
  • inferior nasal concha (2)
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6
Q

bone located at the forehead

A

frontal bone

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7
Q

two large bones on either side of the skull

A

parietal bones

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8
Q

bone located at the very back of the skull

A

occipital bone

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9
Q

two bones located by the ears

A

temporal bone

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10
Q

the jaw bone

A

mandible

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11
Q

two bones that make connections with your upper teeth

A

maxilla

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12
Q

cheekbone that forms and arch with the temporal bone

A

zygomatic bone

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13
Q

bone that seperates the cranium and the face

A

sphenoid

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14
Q

bone associated with a sense of smell

A

ethmoid bone

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15
Q

two bones associated with the nose and tear ducts

A

lacrimal bone

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16
Q

two bones that form the top of the nose

A

nasal bones

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17
Q

fibrous connective tissue that connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones

A

coronal suture (like a tiara)

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18
Q

triangular shaped fibrous connective tissue that connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone

A

lambdoid suture

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19
Q

fibrous connective tissue that connects the temporal bone to the parietal bone

A

squamous suture

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20
Q

attaches to the sternaclaidomastoid

A

mastoid process

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21
Q

associated with the tongue and hyoid

A

styloid process

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22
Q

not a full canal, but an entrance

A

external auditory (acoustic) meatus

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23
Q

surrounded by chewing muscles

A

zygomatic arch

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24
Q

fibrous connective tissue that connects the two parietal bones

A

saggital suture

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25
Q

the superior and middle nasal conchae are both part of what bone(s)?

A

ethmoid bones

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26
Q

a gap in the sphenoid bone that allows vasculature and nerves to pass between the cranium and the face

A

superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

a gap in the sphenoid bone for the optic nerve to pass from the face to the brain

A

optic canal

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28
Q

not part of the ethmoid but has lots of vasculature that heats up air when breathing

A

inferior nasal conchae

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29
Q

two bones which form part of the hard palate, surrounds the nasal cavities, and reaches all the way up to the orbit

A

palatine bones

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30
Q

small bone at the base of the skull and forms part of the entrance to the nasal cavity

A

vomer

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31
Q

a joint surface at the bottom of the skull which articulates with the vertebral column

A

occipital condyle

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32
Q

the biggest hole in the body (for the spinal cord)

A

foramen magnum

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33
Q

hole in the temporal bone for the carotid artery to enter the skull

A

carotid canal

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34
Q

hole in the temporal bone where the jugalar vein exits the skull

A

jugular foramen

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35
Q

part of the ethmoid which has lots of little bones that allow for a sense of smell (densley innervated)

A

cribriform plate

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36
Q

pocket in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland sits

A

sella turcica (turkish saddle)

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37
Q

what part of the temporal bone allows for hearing and balance?

A

petrous portion

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38
Q

what are the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae?

A

where the lobes of the brain rest within the cranial cavity (taking steps down from anterior to middle to posterior)

39
Q

what are the four main components of the mandible?

A

1) body of mandible
2) ramus
3) coronoid process
4) mandibular condyle

40
Q

what is the TMJ?

A

temporomandibular joint

41
Q

what are the four paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinus
  • ethmoid air cells
  • sphenoidal sinus
  • maxillary sinus
42
Q

what are the sinuses?

A

holes in the bones

43
Q

what are the three main functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • reduces the weight of the head
  • humidifies air
  • provides resonance for voice
44
Q

areas of the skull in an infant that are made of dense regular CT where sutures will eventually form

A

fontanelles

45
Q

why are fontanelles significant?

A
  • if you have fusion right away, you can’t grow your brain
  • during birth, the bones can overlap w/ one another (conehead)
46
Q

the only bones in your body that are fully formed at birth

A

auditory ossicles

47
Q

name the three auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

48
Q

what type of joints are formed between the auditory ossicles?

A

synovial joints (allows movement)

49
Q

the only bone in the body that does not articulate with other bones

A

the hyoid

50
Q

what is the function of the hyoid?

A

muscles attached to the hyoid move the tongue, mandible, and larynx

51
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

52
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

53
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

54
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 fused into one sacrum

55
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

3-5 fused into one coccyx

56
Q

posterior curvature (applies to primary vertebral development)

A

kyphosis

57
Q

anterior curvature (applies to secondary vertebral development)

A

lordosis

58
Q

which parts of the spine undergo primary (before birth) development?

A

thoracic and sacral regions

59
Q

whick parts of the spine undergo secondary (after birth) development?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

60
Q

part of the vertebra that is weight bearing

A

vertebral body

61
Q

made up of the pedicle and lamina

A

vertebral arch

62
Q

roof of the vertebral arch

A

lamina

63
Q

columns of the vertebral arch

A

pedicles

64
Q

lateral portions of the vertebra associated with muscle attachment

A

transverse process

65
Q

the posterior portion of the vertebra (can feel it from the back)

A

spinous process

66
Q

superior and inferior portions of the vertebra that articulate with the vertebrae above and below it

A

articular processes/ zygopophysial processes

67
Q

hole for the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

68
Q

disc made of fibrocartilage that is attached between two vertebrae; absorbs shock/weight as you move

A

intervertebral joint/disc

69
Q

synovial joint between the two adjacent articular processes

A

zygapophysial joint

70
Q

the orientation of the zygapophysial joint determines:

A

movement of the vertebrae

71
Q

vertebrae with the smallest bodies but the largest vertebral column, and a bifurcated spinous process

A

cervical vertebrae

72
Q

part of the cervical vertebrae that allows for the passage of the vertebral arteries/veins supplying the brain

A

transverse foramen (2 of them)

73
Q

another name for C1

A

atlas (holds the world)

74
Q

another name for C2

A

axis

75
Q

synovial joint between C1 and C2 that allows for rotaion of the head

A

atlanto-axial joint

76
Q

synovial joint between the occipital condyles and C1 that allows for flexion and extension of the head

A

altlanto-occipital joint

77
Q

what is the shape of the zygapophysial joints in the cervical vertebrae?

A

sloped (allows for lateral flexion)

78
Q

vertebrae with an intermediated sized “heart shaped” body, smaller vertebral foramem, and supports the weight of the head and upper limbs

A

thoracic vertebrae

79
Q

two synovial joints between the thoracic vertebra and associated rib which allows the rib to move during respiration

A

costovertebral joint

80
Q

what is the shape of the zygapophysial joints in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

slanted (least amount of movement)

81
Q

what makes up the thoracic cage?

A
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • costal cartilage
  • thoracic vertebrae
82
Q

what are the three mainparts of the sternum?

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

83
Q

ribs 1-7 are called:

A

true ribs

84
Q

ribs 8-10 are called:

A

false ribs (connect to rib 7)

85
Q

ribs 11-12 are called:

A

floating ribs (do not attach to sternum)

86
Q

the part of the rib which connects to the transverse costal facet of the vertebra

A

tubercule (T&T)

87
Q

the part of the rib which attaches to the costal facet of the vertebra

A

articular facets

88
Q

vertebrae with large bodies (support weight of the body), have large processes for strong muscles, and a small vertebral foramen

A

lumbar vertebrae

89
Q

what is the shape of the zygopophysial joints in the lumbar vertebrae?

A

curved (flexsion, extension, lateral movements, and rotation)

90
Q

how do we get pinched nerves?

A

movement or herniation of the intervertebral discs

91
Q

the part of the sacrum that articulates with L5

A

sacral promontory

92
Q

the part of the sacrum that articulates with the pelvis

A

auricular surface

93
Q

the coccyx is important for the formation and function of the:

A

pelvic floor

ANAT 200 (19 decks)

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