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Insects > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what order does the lady beetle belong to?

A

Coleoptera

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2
Q

what family does the lady beetle belong to?

A

Coccinellidae

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3
Q

How many species of lady beetles are in NA?

A

475

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4
Q

How many genera of lady beetles are in NA?

A

75

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5
Q

aposematic colouration

A

colouration to defend themselves from predators, “warns” predators that there is a negative effect when attacking them

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6
Q

what type of poison do lady beetles produce?

A

alkaloids

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7
Q

what are the alkaloids that lady beetles produce?

A

o Coccideline

o Hippodamine

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8
Q

what do the alkaloids contain that causes a smelly & distasteful smell?

A

Nitrogen ring

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9
Q

haemolymph reflex-bleeding

A

break skin (softer areas by the legs) when threatened & bleed out liquid contain poisonous alkaloid substances

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10
Q

batesian mimicry

A

species resemble others to acquire protection

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11
Q

Are colouration patterns species-specific?

A

Yes & no

Ex: 7-spoted lady beetle always have 7 spots

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12
Q

what is significant about the Asian lady beetle?

A

polymorphism - multiple colourations

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13
Q

what do all Asian lady beetles have?

A

4 dots in the pronotum

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14
Q

polymorphism

A

indivs of the same species differ in their colour patterns, morphology, etc.

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15
Q

Small lady beetles are young lady beetles?

A

no - size is irrelevant to age

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16
Q

Old lady beetles have more spots than young lady beetles?

A

no, don’t add or remove any spots during their lifetime

Have the same number of spots from birth to death

17
Q

what type of development do lady beetles have?

A

metamorphosis or holohmetabolous

18
Q

where do lady beetles deposit their eggs?

A

on leaves & where there a lot of aphids

19
Q

how many larval stages do lady beetles have?

A

4

20
Q

what is the diet of a lady beetle?

A

aphids

generalists

cannibalistic - when N isn’t abundant, will ear larvae skin & egg covering

21
Q

How is the lady beetle’s diet utilized by humans?

A

to control Coccidae (Homoptera) populations, an agricultural pest

wax cover on them protects them from insecticides, therefore the lady beetles are used to control them

22
Q

Trophic eggs

A

a proportion are infertile eggs laid to feed offspring

23
Q

what does the Mexican bean beetle larvae look like?

A

yellow with hairs

24
Q

what species is related to the mexican bean beetle?

A

squash beetle

25
Q

what do the mexican bean beetles eat?

A

plants

26
Q

is the mexican bean beetle a pest?

A

only one species in NA that is a pest

the rest beneficial

27
Q

how do lady beetles accomplish movement?

A

Larvae cannot walk, rely on mothers to be in a proper habitat

Fly – unfold hard wings to fly

28
Q

how do lady beetles overwinter?

A

Aggregate as adults (not the 7 spotted lady beetle)

overwinter in mountains - look for high places & crops

in the spring they leave & find food

29
Q

what are the enemies? (5)

A

ants - protect aphids upon the arrival of lady beetles, bother lady beetles so they won’t

spiders

True bugs (Hemiptera), aphids

birds

parasitoid wasp

30
Q

how does the parasitoid wasp use the lady beetle?

A

Lay eggs in the lady beetle, eggs hatch & larvae emerge from the lady beetle’s body

Lady beetle protects the pupa of the parasitoid
Lady beetles kick when something approaches to protect pupa

Wasp triggers behavior in host but injecting the host with neurotoxins

31
Q

describe the origin of the 7 spotted lady beetle

A

native to europe

introduced in USA to control aphids

32
Q

describe the habitat & abundance of the 7 spotted lady beetle

A

very abundant in MB

habitat generalist

33
Q

describe the origin of the Asian lady beetle

A

native to Asia

introduced in the USA following outbreaks of the soybean aphid

34
Q

describe the habitat of the Asian lady beetle

A

generalists, arboreal species

35
Q

what type of predator is the Asian lady beetle?

A

aggressive intra-guild predator (kill & eat competitors)

36
Q

where does the Asian lady beetle overwinter?

A

inside buildings

37
Q

describe the convergent lady beetle unique colouring

A

distinct pattern - 2 white marks on the pronotum

38
Q

describe overwintering in the convergent lady beetle

A

migrate to mountains in California

Insects (33 decks)

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