Lecture 11 Flashcards
what form of reproduction do insects usually do?
sexual reproduction
Viviparidy
give birth to live young
oviparious
eggs deposited by the female
what is the role of males? (5)
Produce sperm
deliver sperm
produce seminal fluid
induce females for oviposition
induce females to lay eggs
what is the role of the accessory gland?
produce seminal fluid
what is the role of the seminal fluid?
creates a suitable envr for sperm cells & facilitate delivery
what is the intermittent organ called?
aedeagus
describe indirect insemination
make a package of sperm & put it in the female
what is the role of the female? (5)
produce eggs
store eggs
provides nutrients for embryonic development
receives & stores sperm
site of fertilization
where are the eggs produced in the female?
ovaries
spermatheca
keeps sperm & use it as they please
where does fertilization occur in the female?
in the genital chamber
where is the intermittent organ or sperm package delivered to the female?
genital chamber
swarming
sites identified by visual markers, receive cue from envr
usually groups of males until a female is attracted & then they will mate
who releases sexual promotes?
females
describe the antennae of the luna moth
larger antenna in males enabling them to detect pheromones of females
stridulation
singing, rubbing of 2 body parts together to create a sound
how does a cricket do stridulation?
has file on his wings & rubs them together to make a sound
how long is the penis of a water boatman?
0.05mm
how do the water boatmen to stridulation?
Rubs 0.05mm penis against his abdomen (under water)
Loudest animal on earth
nuptial item
Male gives prey to the female, while she is eating he mates with her
wrapped gift
In silk
Female needs to unwrap the gift to get to the prey
Enables males to populate for longer
is there an advantage in giving a small gift rather than a token?
No advantage in giving a small gift if you can give a large token – females don’t know the difference
how does time related to a nuptial gift relate to a male’s ability to populate longer?
Longer it takes for the female to deal with, it gives more time for the spermatophore to get into the spermateca
Larger = more sperm delivered to female
copulatory plug
blocks the female
prevents other males from fertilizing with the female
how does the copulatory plug cause the female be less motivated to mate?
contains pheromones
what are the 2 forms of copulatory plugs?
spermatophore - contains sperm
spermatophylax - sperm-free
what is significant about damselflies mating?
Male damselflies “clean out” the sperm from the previous male
Penis has horns – male removes all the sperm that may have already been in the female before (sperm displacement)
Mate guarding – male holds onto female until she deposits her eggs so no other males can get to her
how are claspers used?
male crosses claspers & holds onto the female until he is done the transfer
how are webs used?
male makes a net, pushes her in & doesn’t let her go until she takes a sperm package
what is an ex of indirect mating?
webs
traumatic insemination & who does this?
done by bed bugs
aggression
Males use sharp penis to pierce female & deliver sperm
females have a specialized organ called the spermalege
describe the mating process of the honey bee
When the penis is inserted into the queen bee, it is ripped off the abdomen of the drone & the males die
Not a plug, ensures fertilization
suicide for males
describe the mating process of the cricket
female will eat hindwing of male while mating
what are 2 forms of mutilation in insects?
cricket
bed bugs
describe the mating process of the praying mantis
male dies when the female is hungry
mutilation is not a routine mating ritual except maybe for one species
describe the mating process of fireflies
flash a species-specific signal, frequency & pattern
One species can mimic the signal of another species to attract her prey
describe the mating process of the telephone beetle
Female adults stay in a larval form & gives birth to other females or to an egg that becomes a male, but in order for the male to develop into an adult stage it has to eat its mother
larvae gives birth to live larvae
males need to eat their mother to become adults
why do the males need to eat their mother in the telephone beetle?
Need to ingest bacteria from the mother in order to break down the wood they eat
what are 2 exs of parental care ?
Giant water beetle – female lays eggs on the back of the male & the male protects them
Earwig – females take care of a nest & move eggs when necessary, continue to protect them when they are larvae
why do fungi mimic the sexual pheromones of flies?
Other males will be attracted & carry its spores
