Lecture 11

Question 1

what form of reproduction do insects usually do?

Answer 1

sexual reproduction

Question 2

Viviparidy

Answer 2

give birth to live young

Question 3

oviparious

Answer 3

eggs deposited by the female

Question 4

what is the role of males? (5)

Answer 4

Produce sperm

deliver sperm

produce seminal fluid

induce females for oviposition

induce females to lay eggs

Question 5

what is the role of the accessory gland?

Answer 5

produce seminal fluid

Question 6

what is the role of the seminal fluid?

Answer 6

creates a suitable envr for sperm cells & facilitate delivery

Question 7

what is the intermittent organ called?

Answer 7

aedeagus

Question 8

describe indirect insemination

Answer 8

make a package of sperm & put it in the female

Question 9

what is the role of the female? (5)

Answer 9

produce eggs

store eggs

provides nutrients for embryonic development

receives & stores sperm

site of fertilization

Question 10

where are the eggs produced in the female?

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

spermatheca

Answer 11

keeps sperm & use it as they please

Question 12

where does fertilization occur in the female?

Answer 12

in the genital chamber

Question 13

where is the intermittent organ or sperm package delivered to the female?

Answer 13

genital chamber

Question 14

swarming

Answer 14

sites identified by visual markers, receive cue from envr

usually groups of males until a female is attracted & then they will mate

Question 15

who releases sexual promotes?

Answer 15

females

Question 16

describe the antennae of the luna moth

Answer 16

larger antenna in males enabling them to detect pheromones of females

Question 17

stridulation

Answer 17

singing, rubbing of 2 body parts together to create a sound

Question 18

how does a cricket do stridulation?

Answer 18

has file on his wings & rubs them together to make a sound

Question 19

how long is the penis of a water boatman?

Answer 19

0.05mm

Question 20

how do the water boatmen to stridulation?

Answer 20

Rubs 0.05mm penis against his abdomen (under water)

Loudest animal on earth

Question 21

nuptial item

Answer 21

Male gives prey to the female, while she is eating he mates with her

Question 22

wrapped gift

Answer 22

In silk

Female needs to unwrap the gift to get to the prey

Enables males to populate for longer

Question 23

is there an advantage in giving a small gift rather than a token?

Answer 23

No advantage in giving a small gift if you can give a large token – females don’t know the difference

Question 24

how does time related to a nuptial gift relate to a male’s ability to populate longer?

Answer 24

Longer it takes for the female to deal with, it gives more time for the spermatophore to get into the spermateca

Larger = more sperm delivered to female

Question 25

copulatory plug

Answer 25

blocks the female

prevents other males from fertilizing with the female

Question 26

how does the copulatory plug cause the female be less motivated to mate?

Answer 26

contains pheromones

Question 27

what are the 2 forms of copulatory plugs?

Answer 27

spermatophore - contains sperm

spermatophylax - sperm-free

Question 28

what is significant about damselflies mating?

Answer 28

Male damselflies “clean out” the sperm from the previous male

Penis has horns – male removes all the sperm that may have already been in the female before (sperm displacement)

Mate guarding – male holds onto female until she deposits her eggs so no other males can get to her

Question 29

how are claspers used?

Answer 29

male crosses claspers & holds onto the female until he is done the transfer

Question 30

how are webs used?

Answer 30

male makes a net, pushes her in & doesn’t let her go until she takes a sperm package

Question 31

what is an ex of indirect mating?

Answer 31

webs

Question 32

traumatic insemination & who does this?

Answer 32

done by bed bugs

aggression

Males use sharp penis to pierce female & deliver sperm

females have a specialized organ called the spermalege

Question 33

describe the mating process of the honey bee

Answer 33

When the penis is inserted into the queen bee, it is ripped off the abdomen of the drone & the males die

Not a plug, ensures fertilization 

suicide for males

Question 34

describe the mating process of the cricket

Answer 34

female will eat hindwing of male while mating

Question 35

what are 2 forms of mutilation in insects?

Answer 35

cricket

bed bugs

Question 36

describe the mating process of the praying mantis

Answer 36

male dies when the female is hungry

mutilation is not a routine mating ritual except maybe for one species

Question 37

describe the mating process of fireflies

Answer 37

flash a species-specific signal, frequency & pattern

One species can mimic the signal of another species to attract her prey

Question 38

describe the mating process of the telephone beetle

Answer 38

Female adults stay in a larval form & gives birth to other females or to an egg that becomes a male, but in order for the male to develop into an adult stage it has to eat its mother

larvae gives birth to live larvae

males need to eat their mother to become adults

Question 39

why do the males need to eat their mother in the telephone beetle?

Answer 39

Need to ingest bacteria from the mother in order to break down the wood they eat

Question 40

what are 2 exs of parental care ?

Answer 40

Giant water beetle – female lays eggs on the back of the male & the male protects them

Earwig – females take care of a nest & move eggs when necessary, continue to protect them when they are larvae

Question 41

why do fungi mimic the sexual pheromones of flies?

Answer 41

Other males will be attracted & carry its spores