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Insects > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what kingdom are insects in?

A

animalia

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2
Q

what phylum are insects in?

A

Arthropoda

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3
Q

what class are insects in?

A

insecta

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4
Q

how many orders of insects are there?

A

26-33

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5
Q

how many orders have ametabolous development?

A

2

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6
Q

how many orders have hemimetabolous development?

A

15

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7
Q

how many orders have holometabolous development?

A

11

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8
Q

what is the primary diff b/w nymphs & adults in ametabolous development?

A

size & presence of fully functioning organs

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9
Q

All ametabolous insects are _____

A

wingless

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10
Q

what type of development do Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha) have?

A

ametabolous

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11
Q

how many species does Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha) have?

A

500

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12
Q

Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha):

diet?
habitat?
characteristic morphology?

A

Found under leaf litter, dead wood, bark etc.

Feed on algae & lichen

3 tail-like appendages

Bodies are covered in scales

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13
Q

what type of development do Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma) have?

A

ametabolous

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14
Q

how many species does Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma) have?

A

400

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15
Q

Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma)

diet?
habitat?
characteristic morphology?

A

Certain species often found in households, considered pests

Feed on starchy materials (paper)

Bodies are covered with fine scales

3 tail-like appendages

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16
Q

what type of development do Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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17
Q

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage. The ____ stage is _____ lived.

A

aquatic

terrestrial

adult

short-lived

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18
Q

what do Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) feed on? what stage are they non-feeding?

A

algae & other plant material

adults

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19
Q

what is unique about Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)?

A

Only insect order that molts one additional time after having wings

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20
Q

what type of development do Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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21
Q

Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage

A

aquatic

terrestrial

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22
Q

Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) are predators during what stage in their lifecycle?

A

juveniles & adults

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23
Q

what type of development do Stoneflies (Plectoptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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24
Q

Stoneflies (Plectoptera) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage

A

aquatic

terrestrial

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25
Q

are Stoneflies (Plectoptera) predatory?

A

can be predatory or herbivorous

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26
Q

what type of development do Earwigs (Dermaptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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27
Q

what is the diet of Earwigs (Dermaptera)?

A

decaying organic matter

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28
Q

what is unique about Earwigs (Dermaptera)?

A

large pincher, forceps-like cerci located at the tip of the abdomen

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29
Q

what type of development do Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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30
Q

are Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) predatory?

A

primarily herbivorous but some predators

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31
Q

why are Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) of significance to humans?

A

agricultrual pests (economic importance)

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32
Q

describe the diversity of Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera)

A

highly diverse

much of the diversity is tropical but also temperate as well

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33
Q

what type of development do Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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34
Q

are Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea) predatory or herbivorous?

A

herbivorous (phytophagous)

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35
Q

describe the habitat of Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea).

A

predominantly tropical

one species may be present in MB

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36
Q

what type of development do Mantids (Mantodea) have?

A

hemimetabolous

37
Q

describe the diversity of Mantids (Mantodea)

A

not diverse

38
Q

are Mantids (Mantodea) herbivorous or predatory?

A

predatory - ambush predators with raptorial for legs

39
Q

what other kind of behaviour does Mantids (Mantodea) exhibit?

A

mimicry behaviour

40
Q

what type of development do Cockroaches & Termites (Blattodea) have?

A

hemimetabolous

41
Q

cockroaches (Blattodea)

habitat?
diet?
herbivore, predatory?

A

Primarily tropical

Nocturnal scavengers, some human assoc pests

Omnivores, some herbivores

42
Q

termites (Blattodea)

behaviour?
diet?

A

Eusocial – colony forming

Feed on cellulose-rich materials (wood) – done by farming protists or fungi to break down cellulose –> Decomposers

43
Q

what type of development do lice (Psocodea) have?

A

hemimetabolous

44
Q

what orders are in lice (Psocodea)?

A

Pthiraptera

Psocoptera

45
Q

describe Pthiraptera of lice (Psocodea)

A

Chewing (birds’ feathers) & sucking lice (blood of mammals)

46
Q

describe Psocoptera of lice (Psocodea)

A

Bark & book lice

Free-living & feed on plant material (paper & bark)

Primarily tropical

47
Q

what type of development do Thrips (Thysanoptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

48
Q

what is unique about Thrips (Thysanoptera)?

A

narrow hair-fringed wings

49
Q

describe the diet of Thrips (Thysanoptera)

A

Primarily plant cell feeders but some are predators & parasites

50
Q

what type of development do Bugs (Hemiptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

51
Q

what is unique about Bugs (Hemiptera) ?

A

All species have piercing-sucking mouthparts

52
Q

why are Bugs (Hemiptera) of importance?

A

contains pest species

&

natural enemies

53
Q

what are the suborders of Bugs (Hemiptera)?

A

Heteroptera – true bugs

Sternorrhyncha – Aphids, whiteflies, scales & psyllids

Auchenorrhyncha – Cicadas & hoppers

54
Q

what is the most diverse suborder in Bugs (Hemiptera)?

A

heteroptera - true bugs

55
Q

what is the same among all the suborders of Bugs (Hemiptera) studied?

A

all plant feeders

56
Q

heteroptera (true bugs) - Bugs (Hemiptera)

predator/herbivore?
aquatic/terresterial?
natural enemy/pest?
unique morphological structure?

A

predators & omnivores

aquatic

natural enemy

hemelytron: thickened forewing (front) with a membranous top (a feature of all members)

57
Q

which suborder in Bugs (Hemiptera) transmits diseases?

A

sternorrhyncha

58
Q

Auchenorrhyncha - Bugs (Hemiptera)

habitat?
diversity?
behaviour?

A

mostly tropical

very diverse

mimcry

59
Q

what are the minor hemimetabolous orders?

A

Webspinners (Embioptera) - soil dwelling, tropical

Angel insects (Zoraptera) - soil dwelling, tropical

Rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) - discovered in Banff, still active in presence of snow, predatory

Heelwalkers (Mantophasmatodea) - discovered in Nanibia, predatory

60
Q

what type of development do Lacewings & kin (Neuroptera) have?

A

holometabolous

61
Q

Lacewings & kin (Neuroptera)

predatory/herbivorous?
pests/natrual enemeies?
importance?

A

predatory larvae, variable adult diets

natural enemies (green & brown lacewings) & agricultural pests

pollinators & feed on aphids

62
Q

what type of development do fleas (Siphonaptera) have?

A

what type of development do fleas (Siphonaptera) have?

63
Q

morphology of fleas (Siphonaptera) & why is this?

A

laterally compressed bodies & wingless

ectoparasites - parasites have no use for wings

64
Q

what type of development do Caddisflies (Trichoptera) have?

A

holometabolous

65
Q

Caddisflies (Trichoptera) have a _____ juvenile stage & ____ adult stage

A

aquatic

terrestrial

66
Q

Caddisflies (Trichoptera)

diet?
behaviour?
morphology?

A

diverse larval feeding stages

case building behaviours in larvae

hair covered wings in adults

67
Q

what separates Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera)?

A

have an aquatic juvenile stage

68
Q

what type of development do Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera) have?

A

holometabolous

69
Q

Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera)

diet?
morphology?
importance?

A

Herbivorous larvae, nectar feeding adults

Adults have large scale covered wings & bodies

Contains many pest species but also beneficial pollinators
Many agriculture & forest pests due to larvae activity

70
Q

what is unique about Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera)?

A

Adults have large scale covered wings & bodies

71
Q

what kind of development do Flies (Diptera) have?

A

holometabolous

72
Q

Flies (Diptera)

morphology?
habitat?
importance?

A

Only 1 pair of wings; hind wings reduced into halteres (nob like structure)

Many species with aquatic larvae
Found in an incredibly diverse (& extreme) set of habitats – wide spread

important pests, natural enemies & beneficial insects

73
Q

what kind of development do Beetles (Coleoptera) have?

A

holometabolous

74
Q

Beetles (Coleoptera)

morphology?
diet?
habitat?
importance?
diversity?
A

Forewing modified into hardened elytra
hard & rigid exoskeleton

primarily herbivores or predators, also some scavengers & parasites

aquatic & some terrestrial

pests, natural enemies & beneficial insects

largest order of insects

75
Q

what kind of development do Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera) have?

A

holometabolous

76
Q

what order is viewed as the most beneficial to humans?

A

Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera)

77
Q

Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera)

diet?
parasites?
importance?

A

diverse food requirements

parasitoids of other insects

pollination, natural products, natural enemies

78
Q

what are the minor holometabolous orders?

A

Alderflies, fishflies & dobsonflies (Megaloptera)

Snakeflies (Raphidoptera)

Scorpionflies (Mecoptera)

Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera)

79
Q

Alderflies, fishflies & dobsonflies (Megaloptera)

predators/herbivoires?
behaviour?
location?
morphology of males?

A

aquatic predators - juvenile & larval stage

adults tend to be nocturnal

east & west cost

males have long & non-functional mandibles

80
Q

Snakeflies (Raphidoptera)

predators/herbivores?
morphology?

A

terresterial predators

elongated neck to strike - unique

81
Q

Scorpionflies (Mecoptera)

predators/herbivores?
diet?
morphology?

A

terrestrial predators

scavenge for insects killed by the snow

vertically elongated face
genitals are modified into the stinger of a scorpion

82
Q

Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera)

predator/parastie/herbivore?
behavioural mating?

A

parasite of insects (hymenoptera & hemiptera)

sexual dimorphism
males are free-living & females are primitive
females remain as a parasite in the body of another insect, the male pierce’s the body & delivers sperm. The larvae feed on the host & emerges through the mother

83
Q

what class are non-insect hexapods in?

A

entoghatha

84
Q

what are the 3 orders of non-insect hexapods?

A

protura

diplura

collembola (springtails)

85
Q

non-insect hexapods

morphology?
habitat?
diet?

A

small, wingless

live in soil

feed on decaying organic matter & fungi

86
Q

what are the most abundant soil dwelling hexapods?

A

collembola (springtails)

87
Q

fercula & who has it?

A

hardened structure that they can articulate, like a spring & then they fly away

collembola (springtails)

88
Q

what is the largest order?

A

beetles (Coleoptera)

89
Q

what is the smallest order?

A

rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea)

Insects (33 decks)

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