Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Insects > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

1
Q

mosquitos are vectors of what diseases? (2)

A

Western Equine Encephalitis

West Nile Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what spp does Western Equine Encephalitis effect?

A

humans & horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what spp does West Nile Virus effect?

A

birds, horses & humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what spp seem to be the most susceptible to west nile virus?

A

corvids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the vector spp of the west nile virus?

A

blood-fed culex tarsalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the Blood-Fed Culex Tarsalis lifecycle

A

females suck blood (engorged), lay eggs & fly away from host

When larvae hatch, there is a cap that they use to emerge & they then go into the water

develop into a pupa

Emerge as an adult mosquito from the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does the female Culex Tarsalis lay eggs

A

Lays eggs all at once

Laid in a raft on the surface of the water – initially white & then darken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does the Culex Tarsalis larva breathe in water?

A

Have 2 spiracles that break through the surface tension & creates an opening of air directly into the spiracles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does the Culex Tarsalis larva feed?

A

Mouthparts are brushes that vibrate & filter out fine particles in the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of development does Culex Tarsalis have?

A

holometabolous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the pupa stage of Culex Tarsalis

A

No longer breathe from abdomen

Breathe from 2 holes in the thorax

Abdomen is used for buoyancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 nuisance mosquito pests of MB?

A

o 1) Spring snow-melt species

o 2) Summer floodwater species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 2 vector spp of mosquitos?

A 
o	Culex spp.
o	Anopheles (not a vector in MB)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do the spring snow-melt spp lay their eggs?

A

Lay a hole batch of eggs, but are laid indiv on a moist substrate (not on the surface of water)

Wetland, marsh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many gens do spring snow-melt spp have?

A

1 gen/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the result of a spring snow-melt mosquito laying eggs?

A

female dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when do the spring snow-melt spp eggs hatch?

A

just above freezing temp

Once winter is over & they become flooded in the marsh/wetland then they are ready to hatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

do the spring snow-melt spp go into obligate diapause?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where do the summer floodwater spp lay their eggs?

A

on the side of depressions where water accumulates

ex: sides of ditches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which type of mosquito spp egg’s hatch at a wamer temp?

A

summer floodwater spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when do the summer floodwater spp lay their eggs?

A

june

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many gens of mosquitos do summer floodwater spp have?

A

several gens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what triggers diapause in the summer floodwater spp?

A

fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

does the culex spp lay eggs over winter?

A

no, they overwinter as adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how many gens of mosquitos do culex spp have?

A

several

26
Q

describe how culex spp lay their eggs

A

as rafts

27
Q

what mosquito spp is a vector of malaria?

A

Anopheles

28
Q

how do you distinguish Anopheles from other mosquitos?

A

Lift abdomen

29
Q

Prediuresis & who uses this method?

A

expel serum from blood to get rid of mass to permit better movement & acquire more blood

Anopheles - done during & after feeding

30
Q

describe how Anopheles lay their eggs

A

Lay eggs singly on the surface of water

31
Q

describe how Anopheles overwinters

A

as adults

32
Q

what spp of mosquitos overwinter as adults

A

anopheles & culex

33
Q

what spp lay their eggs over winter?

A
  • Summer floodwater species

* Spring snow-melt spp.

34
Q

what spp have several gens?

A

Summer floodwater species

culex

35
Q

what spp eggs are triggered to hatch by flooding?

A
  • Summer floodwater species

* Spring snow-melt spp.

36
Q

describe the relationship b/w the pitcher plant mosquito & its plant

A

Plant grows in soils low in N, supplement N by consuming it from insects

Insect will fall to the ground & the plant observes nutrients from the decomposing insect

Mosquitos lay larvae in the plant

37
Q

what is an ex of a carnivorous plant feeding on mosquitos?

A

pitcher plant

38
Q

what are the factors why mosquitos are so abundant in MB? (5)

A

Topography

Seasonal weather patterns

Urban development

Rural drainage networks

Blood-host availability

39
Q

how does topography contribute to the abundance of mosquitos in MB?

A

mosquitos develop only in standing water

Flat prairies facilitate this

Since humans try to drain everything (ditches etc.) there are perfect envrs for mosquitos

40
Q

how do seasonal weather patterns contribute to the abundance of mosquitos in MB?

A

a lot of snowmelt, require a lot of snow to raise water level & triggers the mosquitos to hatch

Thunderstorms also fill areas with water

41
Q

what happens if there’s a drought & the mosquito eggs aren’t triggered to hatch?

A

they will just wait for the following year

42
Q

how does blood-host availability contribute to the abundance of mosquitos in MB?

A

cattle adjacent to ditches

Ditches are in close proximity to pasture animals

43
Q

what are the costs of mosquitos? (6)

A

Losses to livestock production

Losses in tourism & trade

  1. Reduction in outdoor activity
  2. Impact of vector-borne pathogens
  3. Impact on fitness in wildlife (vector disease)
  4. Costs of control
44
Q

how does an abundance of mosquitos affect cattle?

A

When mosquitos are abundant they cause cattle to stampede

Cattle Out run mosquitos, stop & start grazing

When the mosquitos increase in numbers they flood them again & the cattle continue to stampede

45
Q

what are the steps in mosquito control? (6)

A

Surveillance

Larviciding

Source reduction

Public awareness

Baited traps & repellents

Adulticiding

46
Q

what is the surveillance step of mosquito control?

A

knowing where they lay eggs

47
Q

the surveillance of mosquitos is divided into 2 sections: _____ & _____

A

larval mosquitos - still in the aquatic stage

adult mosquitos - mobile

48
Q

how is surveillance done on aquatic mosquitos?

A

dipping

49
Q

how is surveillance done on adult mosquitos? (4)

A

Light/CO2 traps

Oviposition traps (gravid trap)

Landing-biting counts

Surveillance flocks

50
Q

Light/CO2 traps

A

lightbulb with a fan, attracted to the light at night & sucked to the bottom from the fan

Attracted to CO2 b/c females release it, adding CO2 near fan will increase efficiency

51
Q

Oviposition traps

A

used for vector spp of culex lay eggs on rafts, so you provide a water surface for them to lay their eggs

52
Q

what trap targets the culex spp & why?

A

oviposition traps

they lay eggs on rafts

53
Q

gravid trap

A

form of an oviposition trap except it has a fan on it that sucks up the mosquitos when they lay eggs

54
Q

land-biting counts

A

have a tube with suction, when they land on you then you suck them up

55
Q

surveillance flocks

A

used for vector species

Put chickens in a cage & count how many land on them

Take blood samples from the birds to determine if they extracted a pathogen

56
Q

what traps are used for vector spp?

A

surveillance flocks

57
Q

larviciding

A

spray on larval sites manually, with trucks or helicopters

58
Q

what does public protection consist of?

A

personal protection:

  1. Behaviour modification
  2. Protective clothing – light coloured, long sleeves & pants
  3. Repellents – DEET most effective forms, citroses plant not effective
59
Q

what are mosquito baited traps & repellents used?

A

Mosquito magnet

Electronic mosquito repellers

60
Q

when does adulticiding occur?

A

when adult numbers are so high & control program has failed

61
Q

how do they determine when it is approproate or adulticiding?

A

Threshold # of mosquitos in night traps

Insects (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions